1. Using Technology in the FL Classroom: An Introduction By Sandy Dugan

2. Technology: Tools and Ideas Tool: Earth turner - Idea: Plant for harvest Tool: Earth turner - Idea: Plant for harvest Tool: Telescope - Idea: Heliocentric cosmos Tool: Telescope - Idea: Heliocentric cosmos Tool: Microscope - Idea: Germs => disease Tool: Microscope - Idea: Germs => disease Tool: Printing press - Idea: Man & God Tool: Printing press - Idea: Man & God Tool: Atomic Bomb - Idea: Nuclear Physics Tool: Atomic Bomb - Idea: Nuclear Physics Tool: Electron microscope - Idea: Double helix Tool: Electron microscope - Idea: Double helix Tool: Computer - Idea: Operating System Tool: Computer - Idea: Operating System

3. Certain Technologies Useful in Learning / Teaching Images, Music, Dance - 35,000 years ago Images, Music, Dance - 35,000 years ago Writing - 8,000 years ago Writing - 8,000 years ago Printing press - 550 years ago Printing press - 550 years ago Photography - 150 years ago Photography - 150 years ago Typewriter - 130 Years ago Typewriter - 130 Years ago Telephone - 100 years ago Telephone - 100 years ago Film - 100 years ago Film - 100 years ago

4. More Technologies for Learning / Teaching Radio - 85 years ago Radio - 85 years ago Polycopiers - 65 years ago Polycopiers - 65 years ago Television - 55 years ago Television - 55 years ago Audio recorders - 55 years ago Audio recorders - 55 years ago Camcorder - 30 years ago Camcorder - 30 years ago Computers - 20 years ago Computers - 20 years ago Internet / Web - 10 years ago Internet / Web - 10 years ago

5. What does a computer do? It takes in information and it puts out information. It takes in information and it puts out information. It does routine transformations (math, spelling, music, images, drills). It does routine transformations (math, spelling, music, images, drills). What it cannot and should not be asked to do: replace the instructor. What it cannot and should not be asked to do: replace the instructor.

6. What makes up a computer? Hardware - electronic circuits (chips, cards), cables (wires to transmit information), information storage devices (RAM, hard drive, other drives) Hardware - electronic circuits (chips, cards), cables (wires to transmit information), information storage devices (RAM, hard drive, other drives) Software - instructions, routines, programs, applications, files (text, graphics, sound, video, animations - these are things we produce and are often called “data”.) Software - instructions, routines, programs, applications, files (text, graphics, sound, video, animations - these are things we produce and are often called “data”.)

7. Essential Hardware A Central processing Unit (CPU) A Central processing Unit (CPU) Display screen (monitor) Display screen (monitor) Bus Bus Input devices Input devices Memory devices Memory devices Information Storage devices Information Storage devices Communication ports Communication ports Slots for add-on cards (e.g., wireless) Slots for add-on cards (e.g., wireless)

8. Essential Software BIOS, located in a ROM chip BIOS, located in a ROM chip Operating System Operating System Programs Programs Device Drivers (keyboard, display, ports, etc.) Device Drivers (keyboard, display, ports, etc.) Applications (word processor, spread sheet, etc.) Applications (word processor, spread sheet, etc.) Files that you create (your “data”) Files that you create (your “data”)

9. What are the basic parts and their functions? 1. CPU (central processing unit) 1. CPU (central processing unit) processes all information on computer processes all information on computer runs very fast - runs very fast - Often in megahertz (MH) up to gigahertz (GH) Often in megahertz (MH) up to gigahertz (GH) some common names: some common names: Pentium II, Pentium III (Intel, Windows); G3, G4 (Mac) Pentium II, Pentium III (Intel, Windows); G3, G4 (Mac)

10. What are the basic parts and their functions? 2. RAM (random access memory) 2. RAM (random access memory) The computer first loads the operating system (OS) into RAM, then it loads into RAM any applications the user calls, and any new information (“data” ) that we create. The computer first loads the operating system (OS) into RAM, then it loads into RAM any applications the user calls, and any new information (“data” ) that we create. Having enough “memory” (= RAM) is crucial to running applications simultaneously. Having enough “memory” (= RAM) is crucial to running applications simultaneously. When the computer turns off, RAM deactivates, and the information loaded into RAM disappears. That’s why we “save” often. When the computer turns off, RAM deactivates, and the information loaded into RAM disappears. That’s why we “save” often.

11. What are the basic parts and their functions? 3. Information storage devices 3. Information storage devices Hard disk (hard drive) Hard disk (hard drive) CD-ROM, floppy, Zip, flash CD-ROM, floppy, Zip, flash This is where “applications” and “data” are stored. The surface of the medium is altered to represent the 0s and 1s that compose digital information. When the computer turns off, this information remains. When the storage device fails, the information is lost. That’s why we “back up” often. This is where “applications” and “data” are stored. The surface of the medium is altered to represent the 0s and 1s that compose digital information. When the computer turns off, this information remains. When the storage device fails, the information is lost. That’s why we “back up” often.

12. What are the basic parts and their functions? 4. Ports 4. Ports These are the places where external devices plug into the computer. These are the places where external devices plug into the computer. Obsolescent: serial, parallel, SCSI Obsolescent: serial, parallel, SCSI Surviving or new: Ethernet, modem, USB (Universal Serial Bus), fire wire Surviving or new: Ethernet, modem, USB (Universal Serial Bus), fire wire Remember that a new device often needs new software (a “driver”) to be loaded onto the computer hard drive in order for the device to work. Remember that a new device often needs new software (a “driver”) to be loaded onto the computer hard drive in order for the device to work.

13. What is the Internet? Two or more computers connected in order to share information are called a network. Local Area Networks (LANs) are common in offices and other work places. Two or more computers connected in order to share information are called a network. Local Area Networks (LANs) are common in offices and other work places. A Wide Area Network, like Michnet, connects many networks together. A Wide Area Network, like Michnet, connects many networks together. On the Internet, networks agree to use a common protocol: Transmission control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). On the Internet, networks agree to use a common protocol: Transmission control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).

14. How does the Internet work? The user clicks “Send”, and the file is broken down into packets. The user clicks “Send”, and the file is broken down into packets. For each packet, the names of the sending and receiving computers are converted to their unique identity number. For each packet, the names of the sending and receiving computers are converted to their unique identity number. Packets may go by different routes, depending on traffic flow. Packets may go by different routes, depending on traffic flow. At the receiving end, the packets are reassembled in proper order and presented. At the receiving end, the packets are reassembled in proper order and presented.

15. Protocols on the Internet E-mail is the most common, e.g., Simple Mail Transfer protocol (SMTP), Post Office Protocol (POP), etc. E-mail is the most common, e.g., Simple Mail Transfer protocol (SMTP), Post Office Protocol (POP), etc. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http) is used for hyperlinking. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http) is used for hyperlinking. Telnet is used for logging onto a remote computer. Telnet is used for logging onto a remote computer. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to transfer files form ons computer to another. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to transfer files form ons computer to another.

16. Can these be done on the Web? Many of the Internet protocols are supported by the common browsers. Many of the Internet protocols are supported by the common browsers.

17. What is the Web? Http was created for researchers to transfer files. In a text, words that are “links” are called “hypertext”. When clicked on, they take the user to another text. Http was created for researchers to transfer files. In a text, words that are “links” are called “hypertext”. When clicked on, they take the user to another text. Actually what happens is that clicking on the link causes another file to be loaded into the browser. Actually what happens is that clicking on the link causes another file to be loaded into the browser.

18. What is a browser? A browser is a software application that displays information (text, graphics, etc.) in a window on the computer screen. A browser is a software application that displays information (text, graphics, etc.) in a window on the computer screen. Common browsers are Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Opera, Firefox Mozilla, Common browsers are Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Opera, Firefox Mozilla, Browsers cause files to be transferred to the hard disk and then displays them on the screen. Browsers cause files to be transferred to the hard disk and then displays them on the screen.

19. What is a “client”? A “server”? Software (or a computer) the provides data to other computers when requested through a network is called a “server”. Software (or a computer) the provides data to other computers when requested through a network is called a “server”. Software (or a computer) that is used to send a request for information across a network is called a “client”. Software (or a computer) that is used to send a request for information across a network is called a “client”.

20. Conclusion The computer’s advantage is to do many kinds of repetitious tasks very rapidly. It is weak on synthesizing information. The computer’s advantage is to do many kinds of repetitious tasks very rapidly. It is weak on synthesizing information. Various aspects of computer science require specialists, the “Tech People”. Various aspects of computer science require specialists, the “Tech People”. It is important to understand what Tech specialists are talking about. It is important to understand what Tech specialists are talking about. It’s fun to learn new things to do with Tech. It’s fun to learn new things to do with Tech.