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Published byHerbert Davidson Modified over 9 years ago
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What is the biosphere and how is it organized?
Ecology What is the biosphere and how is it organized?
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Biosphere Area of the earth where life exists; extends from ocean depths to a few kilometers above land
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Biomes An extensive area of similar climate and vegetation; there are six terrestrial biomes and three aquatic biomes.
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Ecosystem A physically distinct, self-supporting unit of interacting organisms and their environment. Ex. Forest or pond
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Ecosystem Four important processes:
Production of energy (usually from sunlight) Energy transfer Decomposition Reuse of nutrients
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Ecosystem Includes biotic and abiotic factors Biotic - living things
Abiotic - nonliving things Ex. Temperature, light, nutrients
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Fill It In … Simple picture of an ecosystem (label a biotic and abiotic factor):
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Communities & Populations
Communities - all the ecosystems interacting biotic factors Communities may be broken down into smaller units called populations
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Fill It In … Simple picture of a community:
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Communities & Populations
Populations - a group of individuals that belong to the same species and occupy the same area and share common resources
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Fill It In … Simple picture of a population:
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Communities & Populations
Each population has a specific niche, which means total way of life. The niche includes habitat, place in food web, competition, interrelationships, and resource needs (temperature, water)
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Communities & Populations
A community may have 1000’s of populations (tropical rainforest) or relatively few (tundra)
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Check Yourself! List the levels of organization of the biosphere from highest level (biosphere) to the most specific level (niche). What is the difference between an ecosystem and a community? What four essential processes would be found in an ecosystem? a. c. b d.
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Check Yourself! List the levels of organization of the biosphere from highest level (biosphere) to the most specific level (niche). BIOSPHERE -> BIOME -> ECOSYSTEM -> COMMUNITY -> POPULATION -> INDIVIDUAL (NICHE) What is the difference between an ecosystem and a community? What four essential processes would be found in an ecosystem? a. c. b d.
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Check Yourself! List the levels of organization of the biosphere from highest level (biosphere) to the most specific level (niche). BIOSPHERE -> BIOME -> ECOSYSTEM -> COMMUNITY -> POPULATION -> INDIVIDUAL (NICHE) What is the difference between an ecosystem and a community? ECOSYSTEM = BIOTIC & ABIOTIC FACTORS (LIVING & NONLIVING); COMMUNITY = BIOTIC FACTORS ONLY (ONLY LIVING) What four essential processes would be found in an ecosystem? a. c. b d.
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Check Yourself! List the levels of organization of the biosphere from highest level (biosphere) to the most specific level (niche). BIOSPHERE -> BIOME -> ECOSYSTEM -> COMMUNITY -> POPULATION -> INDIVIDUAL (NICHE) What is the difference between an ecosystem and a community? ECOSYSTEM = BIOTIC & ABIOTIC FACTORS (LIVING & NONLIVING); COMMUNITY = BIOTIC FACTORS ONLY (ONLY LIVING) What four essential processes would be found in an ecosystem? a. ENERGY PRODUCTION c. DECOMPOSITION b. ENERGY TRANSFER d. REUSE OF NUTRIENTS
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SKIP TO PAGE 200
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How do living things interact in a community?
Competition - a struggle for resources among organisms. Ex. Nesting space for birds
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Fill It In … Picture of competition:
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How do living things interact in a community?
Predation Predators are organisms that consume other organisms Ex. Zebra eating grass (?) Prey are organisms that are being consumed. Ex. Earthworm being eaten by a bird
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How do living things interact in a community?
Symbiosis - two organisms of different species living together in a close, permanent relationship; 3 types
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3 types of symbiosis: Mutualism - two organisms benefit each other (+,+) Ex. Termite and protozoan Ex. Lichen - an alga and a fungus
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3 types of symbiosis: Parasitism - one organism benefits and the other is harmed (+,-) Ex. Tapeworm and human Ex. Mistletoe and tree
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3 types of symbiosis: Commensalism - one organism benefits and the other is unaffected (+,0) Ex. Clownfish and sea anemone Ex. Whale and barnacles
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Fill It In … Fill in the correct type of symbiosis for the following symbols: +,+ __________________ +,- ___________________
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Check Yourself! Which biotic relationship is defined as a “struggle for resources”? In your backyard, you observe a snake entering your birdfeeder. Who is the predator and who is the prey? What is symbiosis?
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Check Yourself! Which biotic relationship is defined as a “struggle for resources”? COMPETITION In your backyard, you observe a snake entering your birdfeeder. Who is the predator and who is the prey? What is symbiosis?
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Check Yourself! Which biotic relationship is defined as a “struggle for resources”? COMPETITION In your backyard, you observe a snake entering your birdfeeder. Who is the predator and who is the prey? PREDATOR = SNAKE; PREY = BIRD What is symbiosis?
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Check Yourself! Which biotic relationship is defined as a “struggle for resources”? COMPETITION In your backyard, you observe a snake entering your birdfeeder. Who is the predator and who is the prey? PREDATOR = SNAKE; PREY = BIRD What is symbiosis? CLOSE, PERMANENT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO ORGANISMS
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