1. Introduction to Film Studies
Mise-en-scène

2. Framing How to compose a frame ANGLE (of framing)
In what angle a frame is composed: from which angle the subject is filmed.
Of a wide range of angles, three more common angles
STRAIGHT-ON, HIGH and LOW ANGLES

3. Framing
The camera is placed at the eye-level of the subject of the frame or look straight on with it - Straight-on Angle shot

4. Framing
In this shot the camera is physically placed higher than the subject and thus looking down upon it – High Angle shot

5. Example of high and low angle shots in Tootsie Revelation scene

6. Framing
A shot is taken from below the subject and the camera is looking up it – Low Angle shot
Quentin Tarantino prefers this angle. From below

7. Framing LEVEL (of framing) – the degree to which the frame is level
When the framing is level (horizontal), the horizontal edges of the frame will be parallel to the horizon of the shot and perpendicular to what is standing in the shot.

8. Framing
Dutch Angle
If what are horizontal and perpendicular are at diagonal angles, the frame is canted
The canted framing is relatively rare. The framing in The Third Man is an example.

9. Canted (Dutch) angles in Danny Boyle’s Slumdog Millionaire clip

10. Framing
DISTANCE from the subject (camera distance) is categorized according to the scale of the human body on screen – long shot, medium shot, close-up shot etc.

11. Framing
Extreme Long Shot – the shot taken from a high angle and a high position allowing the viewer to observe the character in the setting.

12. Framing
Long Shot – the camera distance in which human figures are shown in full from head to feet. The background dominates more than human figures.

13. Framing
Medium Long Shot – The human figure is framed from about the knee up. As very common in classic Hollywood film, it is also called American shot. The human figure is prominent but so is the background

14. Framing
Medium Shot frames the human body from the waist up, while Medium Close-up Shot frames the body from the chest up. Human figures dominates the frame.

15. Framing
Close-up shot
Shows just the head, hands, feet, or a small object and emphasizes facial expression, the details of a gesture, or a significance of the object

16. Framing
Extreme Close-up Shot singles out a portion of the face, isolates a detail, and magnifies the minute.

17. Framing
Camera angle, level and distance help show film actions efficiently and emphatically. The complicated combination of high-angle, low-angle, long, medium, and close-up shots In Hitchcock’s Saboteur and Scott’s Blade Runner. Statue of Liberty

18. Framing
Camera distance, height, level and angle often take on narrative functions. A shot framing helps emphasize the psychology of a character. David Lean’s Brief Encounter. A housewife’s suicide attempt is shown in a canted framing.

19. Framing
Camera height, distance, angle and level can be changed within the shot – mobile framing – a unique aspect of film
The change of framing is achieved by moving the camera during filming.
Several kinds of camera movement
Pan, Tilt, Tracking, and Crane

20. Framing
The pan turns the camera horizontally on a vertical axis horizontally scanning space Breathless
The tilt moves the camera on a horizontal axis or vertically Bride Wore Black

21. Framing
In the tracking (dolly or trucking or traveling) shot, the camera as a whole change position
Day for Night Pan & Travelling shot Day for Night
In the crane shot, the camera moves about above the ground level, being carried by a crane.

22. Framing Example of tracking shots Martin Scorsese’s Age of Innocence
Behind the Scene Tracking shot

23. Framing
Example of the combination of tracking and crane shot in Orson Welles’s A Touch of Evil Opening shot

24. Framing
The shot size can be changed without moving the camera – zoom shot
The zoom lens with adjustable focal length permits the photographer to change the shot size
Impression of perspectival depth changes
The Conversation

25. Framing
When zooming in, the depth of field bocome shallow and the perspective narrow, when zooming out, the depth deepens and the perspectives widens.
Dolly zoom; or vertigo shot – zoom in and track out at the same time
The Goodfellas Goodfellas

26. One more example of dolly zoom in Jaws Raft scene

27. Origin of dolly zoom – Vertigo effect Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo Vertigo effect

28. Framing
Analyse the framing, the camera angle, height, distance, movement of Arthur Penn’s Bonnie and Clyde