1. Grammar

2. Basic English Sentence Structures Sentence Types English has four main sentence types: 1- Declarative Sentences are used to form statements. Examples: "Mary is here.", "My name is Mary." 2- Interrogative Sentences are used to ask questions. Examples: "Where is Mary?", "What is your name?"

3. 3- Imperative Sentences are used for commands. Examples: "Come here.", "Tell me your name." 4- Conditional Sentences are used to indicated dependencies between events or conditions. Example: "If you cut all the trees, there will be no forest."

4. Sentence complexity Sentences may be simple, compound, complex Simple sentences consist of one main clause My name is Ali He works hard I live in Gaza

5. Compound sentences consist of two simple sentences joined by a coordinator My name is Ali and I live here He is poor but he is happy The girls will cook and the boys will eat

6. Complex sentences consist of one main clause and another subordinate clause While I was studying, my friend came. My friend came while I was studying. If you work hard, you will pass your exams.

7. Basic English Sentence Structures Parts of Speech Sentences are formed from words that belong to different categories depending on their function. The word "fire", for example, can be a noun or a verb depending on its usage. Noun: "The fire burned the building." Verb: "Fire the gun."

8. ADJECTIVE - modifies a noun. Examples: yellow, pretty, usefulADJECTIVE ARTICLE - identifies whether the noun is specific or a member of a class. Examples: a, an, theARTICLE ADVERB - modifies a verb or an adjective. Examples: very, extremelyADVERB

9. CONJUNCTION - joins components of a sentence or phrase. Examples: and, but, orCONJUNCTION INTERJECTION - is used for exclamations. Examples: Oh!, Aha!INTERJECTION NOUN - names an object or action. Examples: mouse, fireNOUN

10. PREPOSITION - indicates relationship to an object. Examples: in, about, towardPREPOSITION PRONOUN - is used in place of a noun. Examples: he, thisPRONOUN VERB - specifies an action or links the subject to a complement. Examples: take, is, go, fireVERB

11. We will begin our discussion with the subject The subject of the English sentence could be overt (seen) or covert (invisible) Invisible in imperative sentences Come here!

12. Overt subjects can take many varying types It could be a noun as in “cats” Cats are good pets It could be a noun phrase “they boy” The boy came It could be infinitive To exercise is good for health

13. Subjects could be simple as in Ali is here Compound as in Ali and Tamer are here

14. A subject could be a that-clause That he came is not true Subjects can be singular or plural Subjects can be pronouns I, you, they, he, she, it, we

15. There and it are not real subjects There are five books (five books is the real subject There is used to push the subject forward in the sentence - Give an example of “it” as a subject.

16. Subjects can be “wh” clause What he did was embarrassing All English sentences consist of a subject and a predicate Predicate means the verb phrase

17. Identify the subject and the predicate in each of the following sentences 1- The children have been watching T.V for two hours 2- He lives near London 3- writing letter used to take most of her leisure time 4- to give is better than to take

18. 5- Where they went is far 6- Open the door! 7- It is true that he came 8- there is some water What is the difference between the overt and the covert subjects? Give examples Name the four English sentence types