1. 13.3 pg. 420 Totalitarian Governments and Military Force

2. Japan in the 1920’s End of World War I Economic Challenges Slowdowns

3. Japan in the 1920’s Needed Natural Resources for Industry If you don’t have natural resources, you can: TRADE! Other counties pass tariffs to protect products => trade at a standstill => no resources for Japan

4. Growing Military Influence During economic crisis of 1927 and Great Depression, many lost faith in their government and looked to military for leadership. Society devoted to emperor, glory of nation ruled by military Surrender, retreat, defense all removed from military manuals

5. Japanese Aggression Conquering Manchuria Manchurian Incident, 1931, Japanese military leaders decided to conquer Manchuria Resources would free Japan from reliance on Western trade Moved quickly to gain control; civilian government powerless Set up government in region, renamed Japanese-controlled state, Manchukuo

6. Forming New Alliances League of Nations condemned aggressive actions in Manchuria Japan withdrew from League of Nations, 1933 Announced it would no longer limit size of navy, 1934 Made break with West, drew closer to Germany Anti-Comintern Pact signed, 1936

7. Anti-Comintern Pact Japan, Germany agreed to work together to oppose spread of communism Each promised to come to aid of other in case of Soviet Union attack Italy joined pact, 1937

8. Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Proposed by Japan’s foreign minister, 1940 Combined resources would free from Western control Presented as economic benefit, but Japan wanted to build an empire Other nations view aggression in Asia with alarm

9. Japan Invades Manchuria: 1931 Japan wants to expand territory: why? – Access to wealth and resources. Would free Japan from dependence on Western nations. Public response? Government response? – People supoort the attack. Govt. does not support, but can’t stop it. League of Nation’s response? – Criticize and condemn Japan Japan’s response? – Withdraw from the League of Nations – Announces Japan would no longer limit the army. Result: – The League takes no action against Japan. – Japan and Germany sign the Anti-Comintern Pact. Both vow to stop the spread of communism.

10. Italy Invades Ethiopia: 1935 Why Ethiopia? What are its 2 disadvantages? Surrounded by two Italian colonies. Poorly equipped. Result of invasion. Italian forces are too strong for Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s response? Haile Selassie asks the League of Nations for HELP!! League of Nation’s response? League of Nations denies request, no help is offered.

11. Spanish Civil War: 1936 Republicans/Communists vs. Fascists/Nationalists backed by: backed by: -U.S.A. -Italy -Soviet Union -Germany Result of War: Fascists win= Francisco Franco becomes dictator