1. Constructing Structures
Chapter 17
Constructing Structures
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2. Learning Objectives List the two types of construction.
Describe the major types of buildings that are constructed.
Identify the steps involved in constructing a structure.
Identify the types of foundations.
Describe the framework used in buildings.
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3. Learning Objectives Describe how buildings are enclosed.
Explain the types of utility systems used in buildings.
Identify other types of buildings.
Identify the characteristics of heavy engineering structures.
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4. Types of Construction Projects
Types of Structures
Types of Construction Projects
Buildings
Residential buildings, commercial buildings, and industrial buildings.
-May include monuments, cultural and government buildings, transportation terminals, sports arenas and exhibition centers, and agricultural buildings.
Heavy Engineering Structures
Transportation, communication, and production structures.
-Roadways, bridges, antenna towers, refineries, and dams.
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5. Manufactured Home
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6. Constructing Buildings
(Gehl Co.)
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7. Constructing Buildings
Preparing the site involves choosing a location, purchasing the land, clearing, grading, and leveling the site.
A complete foundation has two parts: footing and foundation wall.
Foundation to be used is determined by the soil type of the site.
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8. Foundation Types
Spread foundations are used on rock and in hard soils, such as clay.
Slab foundations are used for soft soils.
Pile foundations are used on wet, marshy, or sandy soils.
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9. The Framework
The framework consists of the floors, interior and exterior walls, ceilings, and roof.
It is built from one of three materials: lumber, steel, or reinforced concrete.
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10. The Floor Lumber floors begin with a wood sill, then floor joists.
The subfloor is installed on top of the joists.
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11. The Wall Frames
Link “sole plate,” “top plate,” “studs,” and “header” to key terms.
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12. The Roof and Ceiling
Ceiling joists are laid across to support the wall frames.
Rafters are connected to ceiling joists to make a truss and support the exterior roof.
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13. Enclosing the Structure
Two steps:
Sheathing the exterior with plywood, fiberboard, or rigid foam sheets.
Installing the roof.
First, the roof is sheathed with plywood or waferboard.
Then, the roofing materials are installed according to roof style.
Link “fascia,” and “soffit” to key terms.
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14. Utility Systems
Electricity systems use 110-volt and 220-volt circuits split by the distribution panel to power appliances and other systems.
Plumbing systems bring in potable water and expel wastewater.
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15. Heavy Engineering Structures
Heavy engineering construction includes building civil structures, or heavy engineering structures, such as:
Highways, power transmission and communication towers, and hydroelectric and flood control dams.
Heavy engineering structures can be divided into transportation, communication, and production structures.
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16. Transportation Structures
Transportation structures transport people and goods.
Roadways are very common and date back to early civilization.
Today, roadways are made of layers of compacted dirt, coarse gravel, finer gravel, and finally either asphalt or concrete.
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17. Bridges Movable or fixed.
All are made of a substructure (piers and abutments) and a superstructure (the deck).
There are five types: beam bridges, truss bridges, arch bridges, cantilever bridges, and suspension bridges.
Link
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18. Communication and Production
Most telecommunication technology relies on constructed towers to support antennas.
Some production structures are not buildings.
Petroleum refineries, irrigation systems, and evaporation basins.
The gravity dam, rock dams, earth dams, and the buttress dam are other useful production structures.
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19. Review What are the two types of construction projects?
Construction of buildings and of heavy engineering structures.
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20. Review What are some of the general types of buildings that are built?
Residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.
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21. Review
What are the seven steps involved with most construction projects?
Preparing the site, setting foundations, building the framework, enclosing the structure, installing utilities, finishing the exterior and interior, and completing the site.
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22. Review Identify the three types of foundations.
Slab foundation, spread foundation, and pile foundation.
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23. Review What materials can the framework of a building be made of?
Wood, steel, or reinforced concrete.
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24. Review What materials are used to enclose the exterior walls?
Plywood, fiberboard, or rigid foam sheets.
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25. Review What are the utility systems used in homes?
Electricity, plumbing, communications, and climate control.
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26. Review What materials are used for siding?
Wood shingles and boards, plywood, hardboard, brick, stone, aluminum, vinyl, and stucco.
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27. Review
Besides residential, commercial, and industrial, what other buildings are there?
Monuments, cultural buildings, government buildings, transportation terminals, sports arenas and exhibition centers, and agricultural centers.
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28. Review
What three general categories are heavy engineering structures split into?
Transportation, communication, and production structures.
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