1. Newborn Nutrition
Chapter 26

2. Newborn Nutrition Need protein, carbs, fat.
Inability to concentrate urine, increase fluids if hot or ill
Need vitamins and minerals
Formula fed gain weight faster, need more formula to get necessary nutrients
Breastfed babies gain weight more slowly

3. Stages of Human Milk
Colostrum-2-4 days, yellow creamy, increase in pro., vit, min.and IgA
Transition -until 2 wks PP, increase in fat and calories
Mature-90% water
Foremilk- H20, vit, protein
Hindmilk-more fat
Should BF 6-12 months

4. Advantages Provide immunologic protection for up to 18 months
More easily and efficiently absorbed
BF+ sunlight= no supplements
BF promotes attachment
Contraindication-breast CA, HIV, galactosemia, flagyl, jaundice, another pregnancy

5. Bottlefeeding Parents can share caring for newborn
Higher incidence of allergic reaction(cow)
Problem with powder concentration
Cow milk not acceptable for infant feeding.
Too much protein,calcium,phos, sodium potassium

6. Newborn Feeding Indications of newborn hunger?
Colostrum can be aspirated without irritation.
Benefits- oxytocin production, stimulates peristalsis, decrease bilirubin, + attachment
Newborn may play with nipple, recognize odor of mother
Assess for fistula or atresia
To R side for drainage and gastric emptying

7. Feeding Patterns Established by newborn
Breastfed babies feed more frequently
Newborn cues of hunger
Newborns needs are better met with couplet care
Support informed decision regarding type of breastfeeding

8. Breastfeeding Positions
Football, lying, cradling, across lap.
Use pillows for positioning
Rub feet for sleepy baby
May have to soothe upset newborn before feeding
Explore cultural considerations of breastfeeding

9. Physiology of Breastfeeding
Lobes-alveoli- small to larger lactating ducts flow toward nipples
Breast development influenced by estrogen
Prolactin increases after birth and with sucking
Sucking stimulates post pituitary to release oxytocin
Letdown-caused by stimulation of myoepithelial cells

10. Teaching Breastfeeding
Good positioning, facing mom
Use C or scissors
Stimulate to open mouth
Baby to breast
Alternate breast
Do not set restrictive time limits
Mother and baby will become sleepy

11. Bottle/Breast Feeding
May confuse newborn
Use different muscles
Mothers can use use pump (electric) or express manually.
Can store milk in refrigerator or freezer
Better to store in plastic
Never microwave

12. Effects of Drugs on BF Avoid long acting drugs
Give meds right after BF
Observe infant for adverse effects
Use drugs that metabolize quickly
Weigh risks and benefits

13. Bottlefeeding Education
Never prop up bottle
Assess nipple for size of hole
Point nipple directly into mouth
Burp at intervals
Regurgitation is normal
Fat baby not necessarily healthy
Discuss amt and frequency with client

14. Assess Weight Gain Assess growth and weight gain Six wet diapers/day
Should not exceed 32 oz./day
Can calculate needs and have parents keep records