1. 19.2 MING & QING CHINA

2. FALL OF YUAN DYNASTY 1368 – Bubonic Plague Chinese-led peasant army revolts and throws Mongols out of China.

3. MING DYNASTY (1368-1644) Ming = “brilliant” Founded by Zhu Yuan Zhang A Chinese commoner, led army to capture capital city (Dadu) Proclaimed himself Emperor Hong Wu Changes: Brought stability & peace Reintroduced Confucianism Centralized the government Increase economy through agriculture

4. MING SOCIETY & CULTURE Emperor Yong Le organized Chinese encyclopedia… 23,000 manuscript rolls!! Novels Silks

5. MING EXPLORATION Zheng He Sent on 7 expeditions (1405-1433) Emperor wanted to control trade in Indian Ocean Commanded 317 ships w/ 28,000 soldiers Traveled to: Southeast Asia India Persian Gulf Arabia East Africa Used diplomacy over force, when possible Trips ended in 1430s – too expensive, refocus on agriculture (even destroyed maps!)

6. Columbus’ Ship Zheng He’s Ship 1421: The Year China Discovered America (by Gavin Mendies) Argues that Zheng He actually reached America first. Records supposedly destroyed, colonies forgotten Answer Question #1 Answer Question #2

7. THE FORBIDDEN CITY Yong Le moved capital city to newly- rebuilt Beijing Forbidden City = complex of palaces, great halls, courtyards, gardens, moats 30 ft. high walls City within a city Outer layer had high- ranking officials Within inner red wall lived the emperor’s family (only eunuchs allowed) Answer Question #3

8. DOWNFALL OF THE MING Lavish living & feasting Raising taxes on commoners Peasant unrest Corruption & Inefficiency weaken borders

9. MANCHU INVASION

10. QING DYNASTY (1644-1911) Qing = “pure” 2 nd time foreigners ruled China Extended Chinese territory to: Tibet, Manchuria, Mongolia, Taiwan Answer Question #4

11. MANCHU MEETS CHINESE ManchusChinese Supported by Ming bureaucrats tired of corruption Ruling Elite Outlawed marriage between Manchus & Chinese Outnumbered Manchus 30 to 1 Men forced to shave heads (except for queue) “Keep your hair and lose your head Or Lose your hair and keep your head” Answer Question #5 Answer Question #6

12. QING POLICIES Emperor Kangzi Organized flood control & irrigation projects Confucian scholar Labor-intensive farming Internal trade (specialization) Europeans came beginning in Ming Dynasty, looking for: Tea Porcelain Silk Policy of Isolation Called Europeans “ocean devils” Refused to trade with outsiders

13. IN-CLASS PROMPT R ole: Newspaper Writer A udience: Newspaper Readers F ormat: Eulogy T opic: Praise the strengths & criticize the weaknesses of either the Ming or Qing Dynasties. Include: two strengths, two weaknesses, three policies or changes Grading Rubric QualitiesPoints Excellent Depth of thought 2 strengths 2 weaknesses 3 policies/changes Creative & neat 10 Ok Depth of thought Some strengths, weaknesses, policies/changes Some errors 7 Assignment was attempted Too rushed (little depth) Minimal details Many errors 5