1. The wonders of
CHINA
THE GREAT WALL

2. Manchu Invasion Manchu Dynasty aka Qing Dynasty
Last Dynasty of China:
Founded by Manchu people
Semi-nomadic people from NE China
Seized Beijing

3. Manchu Invasion
1644: Manchu were able to take advantage of rebellions against Ming
Ming Rebellions:
Beijing was conquered by rebel forces led by Li Zicheng
Ming army did not protect the capital - mutinied because the emperor was not paying them
Rather than be captured the last Ming emperor hanged himself
Chongzhen last ming emperor **official mark of the end of dynasty ***Li Zicheng was ming general****

4. Manchu Invasion
Wu Sangui (Ming general) allied himself with the Manchu
In order to drive out the rebel forces
They were successful but this allowed the Manchu to take over
Manchu Rule China from
Allowed for Li Zicheng’s army to be overthrown
** manchu ruled china for 2 centuries

5. Manchu Dynasty
Developed peacefully : It was a time of economic growth & development
Extend control into Central Asia
Tried to forced their way of life on China but adopted Chinese cultures & traditions
Limits:
only Manchu could hold the highest government office
Marriage was forbidden between Manchu & Han
19th century was a period of weakness & loss for the Manchu Dynasty ** Britain began & continued an illegal opium trade  first Opium War

6. The Great Wall The wall stretches about 5,500 miles.
It winds up and down across deserts, mountains, grasslands and plateaus.
It travels from east to west China.
Nearly 2000 years old. Some sections are decayed.
Made of rocks & packed earth *** Some sections in ruins or have disappeared
Only man made structure to be seen from space.

7. CHINA’S WONDERS

8. The Great Wall
Construction began in the 7th century BC.
Sections built under Chou dynasty each built their own walls for protection.
After state of Chin (Qin) unified country in 221 BC, it joined the walls to hold off invaders from the north.
Invader: Huns
Peasants & enemies were used to extend the wall
Signal fires provided early warning of attack.

9. The Great Wall Major renovation under the Ming Dynasty
Present form under Ming.
Ming wanted to make sure Mongols would not come back.
Because so many people died during construction it is considered the longest cemetery on earth

10. The Great Wall Towers of the Wall are 32 feet high
It has battle forts at important points and the corners.
Soldiers were posted on top to warn of attacks.

11. CHINA’S WONDERS Great Wall: History
is crenellated for watching and shooting at the invading enemy.

12. CHINA’S WONDERS
Great Wall

13. The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 Formed by Zhu Yuanzhang
He successfully forced the Mongols out of the country
Wanted to restore Chinese greatness
Mongol (yuan) rule was in decline bc of plague& death of Kublai Khan ** ming dynasty lasts nearly 300 years *** Ming= brilliant
**** Yuanzhang formed a rebel army & forced the mongols back beyond the great wall

14. The Ming Dynasty
Yuanzhang was born a peasant & worked through the military ranks
Known as a harsh ruler
killed all of his opposition
Brought pride & power back to China
Reinstated Civil Service
Built the Forbidden City
Born a peasant, lived in poverty & spent years as a Buddhist – had hatred of the rich
Civil Service: had to pass an exam in philosophy & literature
Zhu Yuanzhang

15. Forbidden City What is the purpose of the Forbidden City?
What dynasties ruled from it?
How many rooms are in the forbidden City?
How long did it take to build?

16. Forbidden City Location: center of Beijing
It served as the Emperor’s palace during the Ming and Qin dynasties.
Now it is a palace museum.
It is the world’s largest palace complex and covers over 2.3 million square feet
Brought China back to its Golden period- was the best example of traditional building -- ** houses many rare treasures

17. CHINA’S WONDERS Forbidden Palace Surrounded by a six meter deep moat
About 25 ft high wall
There are over 800 buildings and rooms.
Only 4 gates to enter ** anyone caught looking over the palace walls were killed

18. Forbidden City History: Construction began in 1406.
14 years to build.
200,000 men used
Housed 24 emperors until 1912
Divided in 2 parts::Southern section (outer court): where emperor exercised rule over the nation **** China’s last emperor
Northern section (inner court): where emperor lived with royal family.

19. Ming Dynasty: Confucian State
During Ming: Confucian ideals were brought back
Confucius was born in 551 BC
He wanted to restore peace & created a guide to proper behavior

20. Ming Dynasty: Confucian State
Analects, a book of his teachings, written by his followers
In order to have peace 5 relationships must exist
Ruler/ruled
Father /son
Husband/wife
Older brother/younger brother
Friend/friend
It’s the superior person’s responsibility to set the example for the inferior
If the inferior person does not succeed it is the superior person’s fault **** confucius’ philosophy still accepted today – 6 million followers

21. Ming Dynasty
Filial Piety: duty & respect children owe their parents

22. Chinese Exploration

23. Chinese Exploration Cheng Ho: one of China’s greatest explorers
Born a commoner & Muslim
Captured by the military
Reached India & East Coast of Africa
Made 7 voyages
100,000 miles
Established a trade empire for China
Ming dynasty was powerful & wealthy– they begin exploring further than the Chinese coast Zheng He - CHENG HO :
Persia to Kenya *** had a crew of over 25,000 sailors and more than 62 ships ***explored the coasts of SE Asia, India & Africa
**** Born 1371 as Ma Sanbao

24. Chinese Exploration

25. Chinese Exploration
Began having major problems with pirates in the Pacific
The emperor forced all people to move away from the coast & closed down China
He told his people they would be a continental power
No one was allowed to enter or leave the country
Results in the Chinese falling behind the rest of the world
1433: just after the death of Cheng Ho

26. CHINA’S WONDERS
Forbidden City