1. Anusorn Cherdthong, PhD 137748 Applied Biochemistry in Nutritional Science Email: anusornc@kku.ac.th E-learning: http://ags.kku.ac.th/eLearning/137748 Vitamins and Minerals

2. Role of vitamins and minerals  Maintenance  Growth  Production  Reproduction  Health  Pigmentation (Chalong, 2543; Riis, 1983; McDonald et al., 2011)

3.  Vitamins are organic (carbon) compounds needed for normal function, growth and maintenance.  Vitamins are cofactors, they don’t do anything by themselves.  They are not a source of calories. The Nature of Vitamins

4. Classification of vitamins  Fat soluble vitamins  A, D, E and K  Water soluble vitamins  B-Complex vitamins) and C (Chalong, 2543)

5. 5 Lots of double bonds, good anti-oxidant Vitamins A

6. RoleDeficiencySource  Vision  Gene transcription  Dermatology  Retinal/retinol versus retinoic acid  Anorexia  Low growth rate  Nightblindess  Xerophanomia  Skill disease  Abort  Liver  Fish oil  Milk  Carrots  Sweet potatoes

7. 7  Also known as calciferol due to its role in calcium absorption  Main role is to maintain calcium and potassium levels  It is the only fat soluble vitamin that we can make- in the presence of sunlight  Can be made from cholesterol Vitamins D

8. 8 RoleDeficiencySource  Ricket preventive factor  bone protein  osteoblast  maintain calcium and potassium levels  Ricket  Osteomalacia  Egg shell  Low rate production of egg  Sunlight  Fish oil  Milk  Egg

9. 9 Vitamins E RoleDeficiencySource  Strength cell & Structure  siminiferous epithelium  Prevent fat oxidation  Reduce peroxide  Metabolism control  Lipid absorption  Cardiac muscle  Paralysis  Grains  Vegetable oil  Grass

10. 10 Vitamins K RoleDeficiencySource  Prothrombin synthesis  Plasma synthesis  Clotting blood  Hemorrhage  Growth performance  Liver  Grass  Kidney  Egg

11. Vitamins B1 RoleDeficiencySource  Co A of carboxylase in pyruvate  Carbohydrate metabolism  Prevent beriberi, polyneuritis  Beriberi disease  Incomplete of carbohydrate metabolism  Anorexia  Cramp  Grains  Vegetable  Liver  Microbial synthesis in rumen

12. 12 Vitamins B2 RoleDeficiencySource  Enzyme composition for carbohydrate and protein  flavine mononucleotide (FMN)  flavin ademine dinucleotide (FAD)  growth vitamin  low growth rate  Paralysis  Diarrhea  rustic  Liver  Egg  Grain

13. 13 Vitamins B3 RoleDeficiencySource  Nutrient metabolism  FA and cholesterol synthesis  Control GI tract  Pellagra disease  GI tract  Skin  Chicken  Pork  beef

14. 14 Vitamins B6 RoleDeficiencySource  Protein and lipid metabolism  Antibody synthesis  Low growth rate  Microcytic hypochromic anemia  Convulsion  Liver  Milk  Grass  Rice bran  Grain

15. 15 Vitamins B12 RoleDeficiencySource  Co enzyme in many metabolisms  Propionate synthesis in ruminants  pernicious anemia  Low propionate synthesis  Liver  Rumen microbe  Animal protein

16. 16 Vitamins C RoleDeficiencySource  Prevent scurvy  Antiscorbutic factor  Metabolism of tyrosine  Folic acid  folinic acid  Scurvy disease  Amino acid metabolism  Orange fruit  Vegetable

17. Role of Minerals  Bone and teeth composition  Organic matter composition: blood, tissue, membrane  Enzymes  Nerve system control  Consisted of horn, hair  Involve metabolic cycle

18. Classification of minerals  Macro elements:  Ca, P, Na, K, Cl, Mg and S  Minor or trace elements:  Fe, I, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, Se, Cr,

19. Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) RoleDeficiencySource  Consisted of bone and teeth  Vit D  Ca absorption  Prevent Osteoporosis  Muscle cardiac  Vit K  clotting blood  Osteoporosis disease  Amino acid metabolism  Sesame  Butter  Canned kale  Shrimp

20. Sodium (Na) RoleDeficiencySource  Equilibrium of water in body  Muscle and nerve system control  Muscle weakness  Cramps  Low blood pressure.  Salt  Milk  Fermented food

21. 21 Potassium (K) RoleDeficiencySource  Equilibrium of water in body  pH control  Ca re-absorption  Cramps  Heart failure  Turmeric  Pumpkin seeds  Peanuts  Soy  Garlic  Parsley

22. 22 Magnesium (Mg) RoleDeficiencySource  Work with Ca, P  Growth performance  Bone and teeth  Muscle and nerve system  Vasodilation  Hyperirritabality  tetany  Sunflower seeds  Sesame seeds  Beans, green vegetables  Milk  Seafood

23. Sulfur (S) RoleDeficiencySource  Amino acid composition: cystine and methionine  Bile composition  Protein synthesis  Bone synthesis  Low growth rate  Low rumen microbe  Slow regeneration of hair  Egg  Milk  Meat

24. 24 Iron (Fe) RoleDeficiencySource  Hemoglobin synthesis  Enzyme composition  Anemia  Fatigue  Weakness.  Gourd  Turmeric  Seaweed  Sesame  Beef liver and meat

25. Iodine (I) RoleDeficiencySource  Thyroxin hormone  Metabolism control  Growth  IQ development  Goiter  Stunting  Seaweed  Seafood  Iodized salt  Sea salt

26. Copper (Cu) RoleDeficiencySource  Hemoglobin  Fe metabolism  Pale hairs  Stunting  Bone disorder  Rice bran  Soy bean meal

27. Cobalt (Co) RoleDeficiencySource  Growth and heathly  Bacterial synthesis in rumen  B12 composition  Depression  Anorexia  Weight loss  Anemia  Fish meal  Fish sauce  Chemical Co

28. Zinc (Zn) RoleDeficiencySource  Tissue composition: epidermal tissues  Hair synthesis  Enzyme composition  Parakeratosis desease  Low growth rate  Milk  Vegetable  Forages

29. Fluorine (F) RoleDeficiencySource  Bone and teeth with minimum level  Toxic with the higher intake  Chemical F  Fond in feed stuff

30. Selenium (Se) RoleDeficiencySource  Absorption and utilization of Vit E  Prevent of liver necrosis and muscular dyptrophy  Desease of liver necrosis and muscular dyptrophy  Low growth rate  Grains  Grass  Fond in feed stuff

31. Conclusion 1 2 3 Role of vitamins and mineral Classification of vitamins and mineral Deficiency of vitamin and mineral

32. Thank you!