1. Preconception Health Annual Gynecologist Visits Nutrition/Exercise - ↑ caloric intake by ___ STI Prevention/Treatment Drug/Alcohol Abuse/Use – ______________________– small head, wide spaced eyes, heart problems, etc. _________- ↑ intake to help avoid Spina Bifida

2. Fertilization & Implantation Sperm reach egg within ___________ Fertilization usually occurs ______________ 24-30 hours after fertilization genetic material is joined, forming _______ 36 hours – 2 cells 48 hours – 4 cells 4 days – ___________ 7-8 days after fertilization, the blastocyst can attach to the endometrium Fetus at ________

3. Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy Amenorrhea- _____________________ Change in Breast Tissue – _______________________ Increased __________ of Urination Fatigue

4. Signs & Symptoms Continued Moodiness Quickening – ____________________ Braxton-Hicks Contractions – ___ ______________ Acid Reflux – ______________________ Appetite/cravings

5. Doctor’s Observations Change in Reproductive Organs – _______________________ Fetal Heart Beat Fetal monitorFetal monitor – ____________________ Fetal Movements Fetal Outline Gender Determination It's a boyIt's a boy

6. Laboratory Tests Urine or Blood Testing Home Pregnancy Tests Doctor will confirm What do they test for? – ___________________________ When is the baby due?

7. Prenatal Care A woman should see her doctor after the second missed period – __________– pregnancy, sugar, & protein – Blood Test – pregnancy, RH factor, ________ __________________________ Nutrition ______ using any hormonal contraceptive methods Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, drugs

8. Common Disorders ________ _______ Leg Cramp Varicose Veins ___________ _______ Flatulence ______________ Palpitations Fainting Drug and Food Sensitivity ____________ Hemorrhoids

9. Danger Signals During Pregnancy Vaginal bleeding Manifestations of toxemia – ____________ – protein in urine, high BP, swelling in hands/feet that doesn’t clear – Eclampsia – next stage – ____________ _______________________________ Labor contractions Amniotic Sac breaking Lower fetal kick count – _____________

10. Complications __________ - Before 25 wks Premature Birth - ___________________ ________________– Fertilized egg in FT Placenta Previa – Placenta too low Premature Placenta Separation – placenta ___________________from uterus Placenta Abruption – _______________ ______________

11. Amniotic Sac Also known as ___________ At delivery the sac contains 1-2 quarts of fluid – Helps _________________________ – Cushions fetus – Provides a medium – At ________fetal respiration occurs What is this? – __________ – Amniocentesis – 15-17 wks, taken to check for any _______________

12. Placenta Organ that transports nutrition and oxygen from mother to fetus and transports waste products from fetus to mother – _______ – Food substances to fetus, stores nutrients – Respiration – Brings ___, takes away _____ – ______ – Filters out ________ (not viruses) – Hormones – _______, progesterone, gonadotropin (maintain pregnancy) – _____ – keeps mother’s and _________ blood separate (blood does not mix)

13. Umbilical Cord Connects the Fetus and ________ Develops at ________ Long semitransparent “rope” containing one vein and two arteries Surrounded by jelly-like substance to protect it What passes through? – Viruses, medications/drugs, alcohol, nicotine, hormones, etc.

14. 1 st Trimester Weeks 1-12 Zygote – __________ __________ – multi-celled at 4 days, implanted within 8 days Embryo – ___________________ At the end of 2 nd month-1.2 inches long, the head represents half of the embryo’s bulk and ____________(eyes, ears, nose, lips, tongue) are present The third month – It is now a _____, is about 3 inches, and has nails and genitals can be seen.

15. 2 nd Trimester Beginning of the 4 th month ______ month is the time for the ________ amount of fetal growth Quickening begins – What is this? End of the 5 th month – _____ – Head hair and ________________ The fetus sleeps, wakes, and has preferred body positions In the 6 th month the body is covered with ____ ____, the eyes become ___________, and it can hear uterine sounds.

16. 3 rd Trimester The baby begins to position itself for _____ The fetus is much more baby like By the end of the 7 th month the baby can survive _______________ At the end of the 8 th month the fetus is over __ ____, skin redness, and wrinkles lessen. The _____ reach the end of fingers and toes. Between week 38-40 the head is _________ _____and the fine hair has almost disappeared being replaced by vernix (waxy substance)

17. Different Types of Birth _________ – Caesarean – can be ________ or planned, reasons? _______ – Baby’s _____________1 st Multiple Births – ________ – 1 egg, 1 sperm, Can be same or separate ___ – Fraternal – 2 __________________and AS _____________– start contractions or break water

18. Labor Begins due to hormonal changes Early signs – _________ – uterus drops ↓, ______ before delivery – ______ levels off or ↓ in last 2 wks – Nesting – “setting up the house” Actual signs – AS breaking ______________ – The appearance of “show” – Contractions ↑ in _________________

19. Stage One Dilation of Cervix – _________of cervix occurs due to the uterine contractions – Starts with the first contractions – Ends when the cervix is _____

20. Stage 2 Actual Delivery of baby – Crowning – __________ – can be done to enlarge vaginal opening Stage 3  Delivery of afterbirth

21. Apgar Test ______________ after birth The baby is tested on the following and given a score. 10 is the highest, 7 is determined to be healthy – ___________ – Respiration – Muscle tone – ______________ – Color