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World War II
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Germany Faces Economic Collapse
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A troubled Germany after the Treaty of Versailles
Lost territory Limited military Pay war reparations Extreme inflation Spirit of revenge Weak gov’t: Weimar Republic
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US Response US involvement in WWI a mistake
Isolationism towards new problems in Europe Forced Germany to continue to pay war reparations
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Rise of Adolf Hitler
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Early years Born in Austria High school drop out/ failed artist
Soldier in World War I-Germany Extreme nationalist
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Hitler and the Nazi Party
National Socialist German Worker’s Party Blamed Weimar Republic and Treaty of Versailles for economic woes Led uprising in Munich/arrested/imprisoned/wrote Mein Kampf: proclaimed Germans as Master Aryan race
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Hitler becomes Dictator
Rebuilt Nazi Party after imprisonment Nazis regained control of German Government (Reichstag) Hitler becomes Chancellor Hitler becomes “Fuhrer” (leader of leaders) when German President dies
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Anti-Semetic Policies
Hitler expels German Jews from government jobs and teaching positions Nuremburg laws deprive Jews of German citizenship, Star of David to be worn on clothes Kristallnacht: Anti-Jewish campaign in retaliation to a German ambassadors death at the hand of a Jew. Synagogues, homes, businesses destroyed.
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Hitler’s policies Promised economic recovery Territorial expansion
Military build up Defend Germany from Soviet Union
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US policies Focus on New Deal Disarm aggressive Nations
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Fascism in Italy
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Turmoil in Italy Italy facing Political and economic problems
Mussolini gains favor with ruling family and suggests turning to a fascist form of Government Mussolini takes control of Italian Government promising economic recovery by using a cooperative system Mussolini encourages an aggressive foreign policy and promises territorial expansion
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US response Neutrality Acts of 1935, 36, 37
Forbade sales of arms to militarily aggressive nations Prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of countries at war No loans to countries at war
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Spanish Civil War
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Spain under Francisco Franco
Franco fights socialism and communism and establishes Fascism in Spain after a civil war Spain enters an alliance with Germany and Italy known as the Rome-Berlin Axis
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Militarism in Japan
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Japan under Hideki Tojo
Military leaders rise to power seeking to expand Japanese Empire Attacked Manchuria for coal and iron deposits to support industry Joined Germany, Italy, and Spain to create the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis (Axis Powers)
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US response Stimson Doctrine: moral lecture
Cancelled commercial treaty with Japan Quarantine Speech: FDR invites peace keeping nations to keep aggressive nations in check
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Violation and Appeasement
Hitler Violates Treaty of Versailles Rebuilds military in Rhineland (French Border) Claims territory in Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland) Claims all of Czechoslovakia - even after Munich Agreement with Britain to stop aggression
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US response Praises British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain for using peaceful measures British leader Winston Churchill disagrees with decision made by Chamberlain
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Invasion! Nazi Soviet Pact: Germany promises not to invade Soviet Union if they do not oppose Germany when she tries to take Poland Hitler and Nazis invade Poland
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WWII begins! Hitler invades Poland on Sept. 1, 1939
Great Britain and France declare war on Germany Sept 3, 1939 War continues with Submarine warfare, air raids, navy battles
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US response Cash and Carry policy to prevent war from spreading to US. Allies could come and pay for supplies and take them home
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US is Pro British Britain isolated and Germany controls Norway, Sweden, Belgium, Netherlands, France, and Eastern Europe Britain and US sign Atlantic Charter outlining war aims: defeat Germany first, and go after Japan full force Lend Lease Act: US to lend or lease supplies to allies Germans begin attacking US ships
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Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Japan and US attempting Peace Negotiations Japan secretly planned to attack US and Japanese leader General Tojo ended Peace talks Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941 FDR asks Congress to Declare war on Japan on Dec. 8, 1941…they do US enters war
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