1. SPELLING RULES FOR SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF REGULAR VERBS

2. Add -ED In verbs ending in - Vowel+Cons+Cons: help - helped return - returned - Vowel+Vowel+Cons : cook - cooked If the verb ends in a consonant + y, change the -y to -i and –ed. try - tried worry - worried If the verb ends in a vowel +y play - played annoy - annoyed If the verb ends in –e, add –d live - lived imagine - imagined

3. Double last consonant & add -ED Ending in a C+V+C (other than w, y and x): - Two or more syllables, only if the last syllable is stressed. prefer - preferred (The last syllable is stressed) visit - visited (The last syllable isn’t stressed) In British English, the consonant l is doubled even when the stress is on the first syllable. cancel - cancelled travel - travelled Verbs ending in c, change the c to ck. panic - panicked - One-syllable verbs stop - stopped but mix - mixed

4. Summary (1)‏ Ending in Add Example V + C + C V + V + C -ED needed locked One syllable verbs C + V + C Final consonant + -ED stopped Two-syllable verbs Last syllable stress C + V + C Final consonant + -ED preferred -L-LEDcancelled

5. Summary (2)‏ Ending in Add Example -C C + -Y V + -Y -KED -ED -Y -IED __ panicked stayed studied -W -X-EDfixed -E-Dloved

6. Pronunciation of -ED pronunciation /d/ - ending voiced consonants/vowels: returned, tried pronunciation /t/ - ending voiceless consonants: stopped, looked pronunciation /id/ - ending in -t or -d: visited, needed