1. Part4:Questions ,questions
Unit 9 :Biography
Part3: Life as it was
Part4:Questions ,questions
THE PAST SIMPLE

2. Formation (Structure) Yes/No Questions Wh Questions Time expressions
Meaning & usage
Formation (Structure)
Yes/No Questions
Wh Questions
Time expressions
Pronunciation of verbs ending with ed

3. Past Simple meaning
the form of a verb used to describe an action which happened before the present time and is no longer happening.

4. Past Simple Use Actions that started and finished in the past
I went to the beach last Sunday.
I bought a new car yesterday.

5. Past Simple Use
Actions that happened one after the other in the past (like in a story)
He came in, took off his coat and sat down.
I went to the party and I saw my favourite friend, then I asked him to sit with me.

6. Past Simple Use
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past
I studied French when I was a child.
I always played tennis a years ago.

7. 2 types of verbs
REGULAR
IRREGULAR

8. -ed for all subjects Regular verbs form Play  played Work  worked
Stay  stayed
Listen  listened

9. Special Notes: swap / swapped beg / begged clap / clapped hop / hopped
If a regular verb ends in a single vowel and a single consonant (except x), double the consonant before you add -ed:
E.g stop /stopped
swap / swapped
beg / begged
clap / clapped
hop / hopped
jog / jogged
slam / slammed

10. Special Notes: compel / compelled Control/controlled
2) If a regular verb has two or more syllables, if the verb ends in l or r, and if the last syllable is stressed, double the l or r before you add -ed:
E.g. prefer → preferred
compel / compelled
Control/controlled
fulfíl / fulfilled
defer / deferred
Note that British spelling does not use this rule.

11. Special Notes: hónor / honored; súffer / suffered; trável / traveled
3)If a regular verb has two or more syllables, if the verb ends in l or r, and if the last syllable is not stressed, do not double
the l or r, before you add -ed:
E.g. cáncel / canceled;
hónor / honored;
súffer / suffered;
trável / traveled
Note that British spelling does not use this rule.

12. Special Notes:
4) If a regular verb ends in a consonant and y (or if the final syllable of a regular verb ends in this way), change the y to i and then add -ed:
E.g. apply / applied
copy / copied
falsify / falsified
supply / supplied
hurry / hurried
qualify / qualified

13. Special Notes:
5) If a regular verb ends in a vowel and y (or if the final syllable of a regular verb ends in this way), do not change the y to i and then add -ed:
E.g. annoy / annoyed
enjoy / enjoyed
obey / obeyed
play / played
stay / stayed

14. Verbs don’t follow the previous rule
Irregular verbs form
Verbs don’t follow the previous rule
The Irregular verbs do not make their past tense by adding- d or - ed or by changing y to i and adding ed. Instead, they make their past forms in several ways:

15. Verbs don’t follow the previous rule
Irregular verbs form
Verbs don’t follow the previous rule
The form CHANGES from infinitives, usually with a vowel change.
Can be grouped according to certain change patterns, which helps to memorize them.

16. Certain change patterns
speak  spoke
eat  ate
see  saw
fly  flew
think  thought

17. beat / beat cost / cost cut / cut put / put set / set hit / hit
For some irregular verbs, the simple and past forms are the same. Here are a few examples:
beat / beat
cost / cost
cut / cut
put / put
set / set
hit / hit

18. Verb TO BE I he
she it
you we
they
were
was

19. DID NOT + VERB (base form)
Negative Sentences
DID NOT + VERB (base form)
Example: I did not work yesterday or
I didn’t work yesterday
INCORRECT: I didn’t worked

20. More examples: - I didn’t go on holiday last year
- I didn’t went on holiday last year

21. Negative Sentences verb TO BE
WAS / WERE + NOT
Examples:
I was not at school yesterday afternoon or
I wasn’t at school yesterday afternoon
They were not at home last weekend
They weren’t at home last weekend

22. Yes /No Questions Did you work yesterday?
DID + subject + main verb + rest of sentence + ?
Example:
Did you work yesterday?
- Yes, I did.
- No, I didn’t.

23. WH Questions Person Things Place Reason Time Process Choose
Who What Where Why When How Which

24. Questions Yes / No Question Wh – Non – Subject Question
Did Nevo see his grandparents yesterday?
Wh – Non – Subject Question
Where did you spend your holidays?
Wh – Subject Question
Who wrote this beautiful poem?
Did
Subject V1
Rest of the sentence ?
Wh - word
did
Subject V1
Rest of the sentence ?
Who / What V2
Rest of the sentence ?

25. Yes /No Questions verb TO BE
WAS / WERE + subject + rest of sentence + ?
Example:
Were you at home last weekend?
- Yes, I was.
- No, I wasn’t.

26. REMEMBER!! Positive sentences: Negative sentences: Yes/No questions:
I played football yesterday
I went home early on Saturday
Negative sentences:
I didn’t play football yesterday
I didn’t go home early on Saturday
Yes/No questions:
Did you play football yesterday?
Did you go home early in Saturday?

27. REMEMBER!! Verb TO BE Positive sentences: Negative sentences:
I was in London last year
Negative sentences:
-They weren’t at home last weekend
Yes/No questions:
Were you ill yesterday?

28. Remember We use the same verb form with all subjects
E.g.–Yesterday ,I/We/You /He /She/It/They played football.
-Last week, I/We/You /He /She/It/They arrived at work at 9.00am
© Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008

29. Time expressions Frequency adverbs
Yesterday, the day before yesterday…
Last night, last week, last month, last year…
The last time you called
Two days ago, a week ago, 5 years ago…
In 1999, in October, in the summer…
lately, recently
When I was a child.

30. Pronunciation of verbs ending in ed

31. Pronunciation of verb ending with ed
When an infinitive verb ends with the sound [t] or [d] then, we have to add the syllabe of the past simple[Id]
**/Id/ adds an extra syllable
need - needed (Id)
wait – waited (Id)

32. Pronunciation of verb ending with ed
When the last sound of the verb vibrates in vocal cord, we have to pronounce the « ed » like a sound [d]
Examples of voiced consonants
/b/ /ð/ /v/ /l/ /r/ /z/ /m/ /n/ /g/ /dʒ/ /ʒ / /ŋ/
sob - sobbed (d) roam - roamed (d)
believe - believed (d) judge - judged (d)
fill - filled (d) enjoy - enjoyed (d)

33. Pronunciation of verb ending with ed
When the last sound of the verb doesn’t vibrate in vocale cord, then it is pronounced [T]
Examples of voiceless consonants
/P/ /k/ /F/ /s/ /ʃ / /tʃ/ /θ /
look - looked (t) push - pushed (t)
ask - asked (t) watch - watched (t)
help - helped(t) dress - dressed (t)

34. Thank you