1. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

5. “Four score and seven years ago...” 1776 “conceived in liberty...” OUR BIRTH CERTIFICATE

6. FREEDOM Democracy Union Equality

7. 1787 S L A V E R Y "We have the wolf by the ears; and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go.” Thomas Jefferson 1776

9. Lincoln’s 1855 letter to his close friend, Joshua Speed: “You know I dislike slavery, and you fully admit the abstract wrong of it. So far there is no cause of difference. But you say that sooner than yield your legal right to the slave... you would like to see the Union dissolved... I also acknowledge your rights and my obligations under the Constitution in regard to your slaves [yet] I confess I hate to see the poor creatures hunted down and caught and carried back to their stripes and unrequited toil; but I bite my lips and keep quiet... You ought rather to appreciate how much the great body of the Northern people do crucify their feelings, in order to maintain their loyalty to the Constitution and the Union.”

10. Lincoln (1855 letter to a Kentucky friend): “Can we, as a nation, continue together permanently—forever—half slave and half free?” Lincoln (1857 speech) : “A house divided against itself cannot stand... I believe the government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.”

11. Library of Congress

12. “The new [Confederate] Constitution has set at rest for ever all agitating questions relating to our peculiar institution—African slavery as it exists among us—the proper state of the negro in our form of civilization.” Alexander Stephens Quit as U.S. Senator, Became Vice-President, Confederate States of America March 21, 1861

13. Webster’s 19 th C. Dictionary PROPOSITION, n. s as z. [L. propositio, from propositus, propono.] –In logic, part of an argument in which some quality, negative or positive, is attributed to a subject. –In mathematics, a statement in terms of a truth to be demonstrated. –In oratory, that which is affirmed as the subject of the discourse.

14. “We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal.” “the negro is not equal to the white man; slavery— subordination to the superior race—is his natural and normal condition.” The Clash of Propositions Equality Slavery

15. S L A V E R Y “This was the immediate cause of the late rupture, and present revolution. Jefferson in his forecast had anticipated this as the rock upon which the old Union would split. He was right.” Alexander Stephens Vice-President, Confederate States of America 1861

16. ............................................. Lincoln elected SC out CSA formed Lincoln inaugurated 1860 1861 1862 1863 CONFEDERATE UNION Time Line

18. ............................................. Lincoln elected SC out CSA formed Lincoln inaugurated Ft. Sumter* 1 st Manassas * Ft. Donelson* Shiloh* New Orleans* Seven Days* 2 nd Manassas* Antietam* Fredericksburg* Emancipation Proclamation Chancellorsville* 1860 1861 1862 1863 CONFEDERATE UNION Time Line Significant Battles*

19. ............................................. Ft. Sumter* 1 st Manassas * Seven Days* 2 nd Manassas* Antietam* Fredericksburg* Chancellorsville* 1860 1861 1862 1863 CONFEDERATE UNION Time Line Significant Battles* VICTORIES IN THE EAST ?

20. ............................................. Ft. Sumter* 1 st Manassas * Seven Days* 2 nd Manassas* Antietam* Fredericksburg* Chancellorsville* 1860 1861 1862 1863 CONFEDERATE UNION Time Line Significant Battles* VICTORIES IN THE EAST Gettysburg* Gettysburg Address

22. FREEDOM And over what cause were Americans fighting and killing each other?

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24. And when President Lincoln would later be killed, the first word spoken by his assassin was “freedom!”

25. Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863

26. 51,000 casualties at Gettysburg (killed, wounded, captured, and missing)

27. David Wills Invitation to the President to come to Gettysburg “...a few appropriate remarks.”

28. Dedication of America’s First National Cemetery

29. Would the President come?

30. The White House The War Department “...his public duties are so pressing...” Gen. Meade at the Rappahannock... Selecting commanders for USCT... Efforts to invade Texas... Dispute with Gen. Rosencrans... Gen. Burnside’s retreat to Knoxville... Gen. Sherman on the march... Attempted retaking of Ft. Sumter... Gen. Grant ready to attack Chattanooga... Transcontinental railroad issues... Sensitive diplomatic affairs... Preparation of message to Congress... Key elections in Maryland... Visits from state government officials... Public order in Louisiana... Developing Reconstruction plans...

31. Lincoln’s valet died from scarlet fever after returning from Gettysburg. Lincoln himself was ill and was quarantined for nearly 3 weeks upon returning. Mary was hysterical that Taddie was ill in bed and Abraham was thinking of going to Gettysburg.

32. Crowd gathering at Soldiers’ National Cemetery November 19, 1863 November 19, 1863

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34. What would the President say?

36. Fewer than 300 words Only 9 sentences Less than 3 minutes