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Published byGabriel Shapland Modified over 9 years ago
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Preventing Infectious Disease Chapter 18 Section 3
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Key Concepts How does the body acquire active immunity How does passive immunity occur?
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Key Terms ImmunityActive immunity VaccinationVaccine AntibioticPassive immunity
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Active immunity Active immunity occurs when a persons own immune system produces antibodies in response to the presence of a pathogen – Ex. Chickenpox-the immune system responded to the virus antigens by producing antibodies. Next time a healthy immune system will produce antibodies so that the person will not become sick with chickenpox
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Immune Response After a person recovers from chickenpox some T cells and B cells keep the “memory” of the pathogens antigen. Active immunity often lasts for life
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Vaccination The process by which harmless antigens are deliberately introduced into a person’s body produce active immunity Vaccinations are given by injection, mouth, or through a nasal spray A vaccine contains weakened pathogens you usually do not get sick you immune system responds by producing memory cells and active immunity to the disease
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Antibiotic Antibiotics kill diseases caused by bacteria or slows their growth without harming body cells Viral illnesses do not respond to antibiotics such as the common cold. Medicines may help you feel more comfortable but don’t kill pathogens
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Passive Immunity Results when antibodies are given to a person-the person’s immune system does not make them A person acquires passive immunity when the antibodies that fight the pathogen come from a source other than the person’s body Passive immunity lasts no more than a few months – Baby acquires passive immunity to some diseases before birth from antibodies passed from the mother’s blood into the baby’s blood during pregnancy
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What is similar about getting a disease such as chickenpox and getting a vaccine? B cells are stimulated to produce antibodies
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What is different? A person who gets the disease is infected by pathogens that have not been weakened or killed. The person may become ill with the disease. A person who recieves a vaccine receives killed or weakened pathogens
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How does a person acquire passive immunity naturally? A baby recieves antibodies passed from the mtoehr to the baby during pregnancy
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How does a person acquire passive immunity artificially? The person is given antibodies from another sourc
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