1. Key Terms – The Encounter in North America Sir Walter Raleigh Roanoke John Smith Jamestown The 13 Colonies Quebec Northwest Passage Algonquians Dutch West India Company Manhattan Island New Amsterdam Iroquois Peter Stuyvesant New York

2. Sir Walter Raleigh Sir Walter Raleigh → English colonist sent to America in 1585. He would start the first English colony known as Roanoke His attempt to colonize Roanoke Island would turn out to be a failure

3. Roanoke Island Roanoke → first English settlement, located off of the coast of North Carolina. Would be a failed colony, Sir Walter Raleigh would return to England and upon his return to Roanoke, the colony was devoid of settlers.

4. Jamestown, the First English Colony The English would make a second attempt at colonizing territory in America. This second expedition would be backed by James I and would land in what is modern day Virginia. The colony would be known as Jamestown, established in 1607.

5. John Smith and Jamestown John Smith → was the colonist responsible for the establishment of the Jamestown settlement. Colonists barely survived the 1 st winter and would have probably died without the help of the Native Americans.

6. Native American Attributes/Qualities Native Americans lived as hunters and gatherers; they established no empires They believed in collective sharing of the land rather than private ownership. They were engaged in many rivalries. An example would be the dislike the Iroquois had for the Algonquians. Their behavior and choices would help dictate the fate of the colonizers that were arriving year after year.

7. The Thirteen Colonies Over time, after the success (after much waiting) of the Jamestown settlement, more settlers came from England and established their own colonies across the Eastern American Seaboard. These territories collectively were known as the 13 Colonies.

8. Differences Among the Colonies Massachussetts Bay Company → landed in Plymouth, established a religion based colony Rhode Island → established by Roger Williams, sought to create a colony that allowed religious tolerance. Pennsylvania → established by William Penn, acquired as an inherited debt from the king of England. Maryland → named after Mary I of England, one of the first plantations to make use of the tobacco crop.

9. The French in North America Samuel de Champlain, while charting the Canadian coastline, created the first French colony. Quebec → first French colony, established in 1608, located north of New York State.

10. Qualities of Quebec Quebec was established as a trading post while other explorers looked for the Northwest Passage. Northwest Passage → route that cuts through America to reach Asia. Quebec became a fur center.

11. Native American Relations The French traded constantly with the Native Americans for furs. They would usually trade guns, knives and other items. The French were taught how to survive in Quebec by the Native Americans The French would have poor relations with the Iroquois; this was due to the French removing them to take over fur-trapping areas. Iroquois would work against the French while other Native Americans (Algonquians and Hurons) would support them.

12. The Dutch in North America Dutch West India Company would finance an expedition into New Netherlands in 1624. Dutch would arrive in New York State and split into three areas: The Connecticut River, the Delaware River, and the Hudson River.

13. New Amsterdam Sixty more families would arrive a year later and establish New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. New York City would later grow from the beginnings of Manhattan Island.

14. The Iroquois and the Dutch Iroquois → Native American tribe that partnered with the Dutch in settling New York State Dutch would have issues with the Algonquians over use of land which would lead to open hostility.

15. The Loss of New Amsterdam In 1664, Charles II would send ships to retrieve New Amsterdam under the claim that John Cabot discovered it first. Peter Stuyvesant, the Dutch leader surrenders reluctantly and New Amsterdam becomes New York.