1. BRITISH COLONIES …in Africa… Romana Slámová – mcr-A1 Romana Slámová – mcr-A1

2. Definition Definition = The domination one country over another country normally by military force, but can be accepted, requested, or given. The one country rules the other.

3. The Reasons of British Colonisation Missionaries and explorers brought back stories and tales of wonderful beasts, colourful peoples and incredible geography Missionaries and explorers brought back stories and tales of wonderful beasts, colourful peoples and incredible geography The British were some of the most anti-slavery Protestants and felt morally obliged to stop the Swahili slave trade The British were some of the most anti-slavery Protestants and felt morally obliged to stop the Swahili slave trade The Suez Canal cut off six thousand miles of travel which otherwise had to be made for a British ship to travel to India. The canal made their colony, India, in the East much more accessible than it had ever been before at a cheaper cost -> In 1875, the British had bought the canal away from the French by taking the majority of the canal's shares The Suez Canal cut off six thousand miles of travel which otherwise had to be made for a British ship to travel to India. The canal made their colony, India, in the East much more accessible than it had ever been before at a cheaper cost -> In 1875, the British had bought the canal away from the French by taking the majority of the canal's shares An incredibly rich diamond field was discovered in 1870 in present day Kimberley (The British annexed it in 1871) An incredibly rich diamond field was discovered in 1870 in present day Kimberley (The British annexed it in 1871)

4. Problems Fortunately for many Africans the climate and naturally occuring diseases meant that most Europeans found it difficult to live in the equatorial areas of Africa Fortunately for many Africans the climate and naturally occuring diseases meant that most Europeans found it difficult to live in the equatorial areas of Africa Malaria was the chief barrier to early colonisation Malaria was the chief barrier to early colonisation

5. British Colonies

6. SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH AFRICA Thousands of British colonists settled in South Africa after 1820 Thousands of British colonists settled in South Africa after 1820 1822 - English became the official language 1822 - English became the official language South Africa developed into one of the most interesting racial case studies. South Africa developed into one of the most interesting racial case studies. Due to the large non-British element of the White population, its relations with Britain were always stormy Due to the large non-British element of the White population, its relations with Britain were always stormy

7. The Anglo-Boer Wars 1877 - the British annexed the Transvaal - the home to many Boers and they weren't pleased to have their homes stolen from them. 1877 - the British annexed the Transvaal - the home to many Boers and they weren't pleased to have their homes stolen from them. 1881 - The Boers revolted and defeated the British. The Boers were back in power until greed once again influenced the British. This time it was gold in the Transvaal instead of diamonds further South. The Boers desperately sought to keep themselves in power and did so by oppressing the British fortune seekers. 1881 - The Boers revolted and defeated the British. The Boers were back in power until greed once again influenced the British. This time it was gold in the Transvaal instead of diamonds further South. The Boers desperately sought to keep themselves in power and did so by oppressing the British fortune seekers. In 1895, Cecil Rhodes plotted to overthrow the Transvaal government and failed. Relations between the two countries became less and less friendly until the eventual outbreak of the second Anglo-Boer war in 1899. In 1895, Cecil Rhodes plotted to overthrow the Transvaal government and failed. Relations between the two countries became less and less friendly until the eventual outbreak of the second Anglo-Boer war in 1899.

8. EGYPT EGYPT Egypt still provided the quickest way of maintaining communications between Britain and India Egypt still provided the quickest way of maintaining communications between Britain and India 74 years long British occupation 74 years long British occupation 1882- the British landed at Alexandria, took control over the Suez Canaland 1882- the British landed at Alexandria, took control over the Suez Canaland 1914 - Britain declared Egypt a protectorate 1914 - Britain declared Egypt a protectorate Effective British control of Egypt continued until 1922 -> Effective British control of Egypt continued until 1922 -> Britain declared the termination of the British Protectorate and declared Egypt an independent state. Britain declared the termination of the British Protectorate and declared Egypt an independent state.

9. GOLD COAST GOLD COAST the name of a British colony on the Gulf of Guinea the name of a British colony on the Gulf of Guinea (present-day Ghana) (present-day Ghana) formed in 1821 the name „Gold Coast“ => due to the large gold resources to be found in the area formed in 1821 the name „Gold Coast“ => due to the large gold resources to be found in the area it became the independent nation of Ghana in 1957 it became the independent nation of Ghana in 1957 The Anglo-Ashanti Wars were a series of four wars between the British and the Ashanti Confederacy (in 1826, 1873, 1893-1894 and 1895-1896) The Anglo-Ashanti Wars were a series of four wars between the British and the Ashanti Confederacy (in 1826, 1873, 1893-1894 and 1895-1896) The Ashanti= a major ethnic group in present-day Ghana, was one of the few African nations to offer substantial resistance to British imperial ambitions in Africa The Ashanti= a major ethnic group in present-day Ghana, was one of the few African nations to offer substantial resistance to British imperial ambitions in Africa

10. NIGERIA : - the British decided to take control of the increasing trade in palm oil -> The coastal enclave of Lagos became a British colony in 1861 NIGERIA : - the British decided to take control of the increasing trade in palm oil -> The coastal enclave of Lagos became a British colony in 1861 - The British dependencies of Northern and Southern Nigeria were merged into a single territory in 1914. - The British dependencies of Northern and Southern Nigeria were merged into a single territory in 1914. ERITREA : - Founded in 1787 by British philantropists as an asylum for dismissed slaves ERITREA : - Founded in 1787 by British philantropists as an asylum for dismissed slaves - It became British colony in 1808 - It became British colony in 1808

11. SUDAN SUDAN 1882- The British invade Sudan. 1882- The British invade Sudan. It was known as the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan It was known as the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan between 1898 and 1955. between 1898 and 1955. 1955- Revolt and start of the civil war. 1955- Revolt and start of the civil war. 1956- Sudan gains independence. 1956- Sudan gains independence.

12. SOMALIA SOMALIA Britain was mainly concerned with keeping open the route to India through the Suez Canal, which had been opened in 1869. Britain was mainly concerned with keeping open the route to India through the Suez Canal, which had been opened in 1869. At first it was Egypt who occupied some of the towns on the Somali coast. At first it was Egypt who occupied some of the towns on the Somali coast. -> When the Egyptian troops left in 1882, Britain started to occupy the territory. -> When the Egyptian troops left in 1882, Britain started to occupy the territory. In 1887, Britain proclaimed it a British protectorate, and named it British Somaliland In 1887, Britain proclaimed it a British protectorate, and named it British Somaliland

13. Other British Colonies…

14. Key Words: Greed – chamtivost Greed – chamtivost Outbreak – vypuknutí, vzpoura Outbreak – vypuknutí, vzpoura Opressing – utlačování Opressing – utlačování Plot – spiknout se Plot – spiknout se Overthrow – svrhnout Overthrow – svrhnout