1. The Arabic Influence in the Spanish Language Created by: Karen B. Garon

2. The Arabic Influence in the Spanish Language The enduring linguistic ties between the two languages stemming from a time when Spain was known as Al-Andalus.

3. I. The History of Al-Andalus

4. Arabs occupied the Iberian Peninsula 711-1492 Vandals swept over the peninsula resulting in the name Al-Vandalus Arabs changed the name to Al-Andalus Spaniards changed the name to Andalucía Andalucía is the region that presently stretches across Southern Spain.

5. I. The History of Al-Andalus

6. II.Why did Arabic become so deeply rooted in the Spanish language? Arabic civilization is more advanced than that of Western Europe Arabic is the standard language of intellectual and scientific expression Prolonged cultural contact results in deep-rooted language ties Islamic rule provided a stable environment Arabs, Christians and Jews lived in relative harmony (convivencia)

7. II.Why did Arabic become so deeply rooted in the Spanish language?

8. III. Types of Spanish Words derived from Arabic Most words are nouns (60% of approximately 8,000 words) Many words include the prefixed definite article al, therefore there is a high concentration of words beginning with a. Words dealing with science, geography, crafts, industry, commerce, mathematics, architecture, agriculture, public administra- tion, military, trade and household items are most common.

9. IV. Sample topics of words derived from Arabic PLACES AND NATURAL FEATURES

10. IV. Sample topics of words derived from Arabic SPANISHARABICENGLISH Alhambraal-Hamarared Almadénal-Maydanfield Alcántaraal-Quntarahbridge GualdalquivirWadi-al-Kabirgreat river GuadalajaraWadi-al-Hijarahstony river Albercaal-birkapool MedinaMadinatown Alcázaral-Qasrpalace Alpujarrasal-Bajarahighlands PLACES AND NATURAL FEATURES

11. FOODS IV. Sample topics of words derived from Arabic

12. SPANISHARABICENGLISH Aceiteaz-zaytolive oil Azúcaral-sukkarsugar Arrozal-ruzzrice Aceitunaaz-zaytunaolive Atúnal-tuntuna Naranjanaranjorange Espinacasbanikhspinach Azafránaz-zafifarsaffron Alcarchofaal-kharshufartichoke FOODS

13. V: Miscellaneous Expressions Hasta mañana Until tomorrow Hattá Until Mi casa es su casa My house is your house Al-bayt baytak This house is your house OjaláGod Willing AllahGod FulanoSo-an-so FulanSo-an-so UstedFormal address in Spanish Ust.dhSir in Arabic Spanish Arabic

14. VI: Arabic Influence in Spanish Literature El poema del Mío Cid anonymous El Conde Lucanor Don Juan Manuel El Lazarillo de Tormes anonymous Don Quijote Miguel de Cervantes Los baños de ArgelMiguel de Cervantes El trato de ArgelMiguel de Cervantes

15. VI: Arabic Influence in Spanish Literature

16. VII: The Heritage of Al –Andalus continues to live ! 8,000 Spanish words derived from Arabic are still in use today Bullfighting is the national pastime Flamenco dance is more popular than ever Architectural splendors continue to dazzle Spaniards and tourists alike Moorish irrigation tribunals established 1,000 years ago continue to adjudicate land disputes and agricultural matters throughout Andalucía Chess remains a favorite game

17. VII: The Heritage of Al –Andalus continues to live !