1. “ Veni, Vidi, Vici“ I came, I saw, I conquered And then I died!

2. Marc Antony Friend of Julius Caesar Took control when Caesar died  Called Senate into session  Asked for conspirators to be pardoned o Brutus and Cassius  Public funeral for Caesar  Read Caesar’s will at funeral o Left number of gardens in the city to the poor o Granted money to every Roman citizen for their loyalty o Mob went wild Wrong one!

3. Octavian Julius Caesar’s adopted son 18 years old and in Greece at the time of Caesar’s death Finds out he is Caesar’s chief heir

4. What? I am not Caesar’s heir. How dare he make that squirt in charge. That’s ok. I can manipulate him.

5. Claimed what was his. Took a gamble  Issued a call to arms of his father’s veteran’s  It worked!  Plethora of soldiers came Antony fled to Gaul to round up legions Senate thought they could control him too. Not so fast, Antony!

6. Knew Antony would be coming back Struck first against the Senate  Occupied Rome with his army  Forced them to revoke amnesty for Brutus and Cassius Went to Antony and persuaded him to work together Pulled-in Lepidus, a wealthy Roman

7. The Second Triumvirate And so, the Second Triumvirate was formed  Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus  Sealed the deal with marriage o Antony married Octavian’s sister Turned attention to Senate  Forced the Senate to grant all three men consular positions for five years o Antony -Gaul o Lepidus- Spain o Octavian- Africa and Sicily Stayed in Rome and threw Republic government out of whack  Packed Senate with their own men  Full control of treasury, armies, and foreign policy  Instituted a round of proscriptions- 2,300 fled or died

8. The Second Triumvirate Octavian and Antony went to Greece to get the conspirators  Brutus and Cassius had been raising an army with help from many of the Senators who fled during the proscriptions  Met at Philippi  Octavian and Antony won  Brutus and Cassius committed suicide Almost immediately, squeezed out Lepidus  Octavian – West  Antony- East Renewed triumvirate for another 5 years  Lepidus received little  Any conflicts were usually resolved by Octavian giving in to prevent open warfare

9. The Second Triumvirate In 35 Lepidus rebelled  Put down and forced into retirement Octavian had command of 45 legions and 500 warships Antony had less, but he was not worried because he had something else…

10. Antony thought Egypt would guarantee a victory And…

11. Cupid hit Antony and Cleopatra with his arrow. One of the greatest love stories in history. Oh no, I’m still married to Octavia.

12. Triumvirate Ends Antony went too far. Rumors were flying: Egypt hoped to annex Rome Rejected Octavia, clearing the way for him to marry Cleopatra Octavian was furious. End of triumvirate in 32 BC

13. Let’s Get Ready to Rumble Both positioned self for battle  Octavian sought Senate support only to end up chasing away consuls and Senate o Few in Rome objected o Republic truly dead  Senate went to Antony in Greece Battle would be fought in the Greek town of Actium  Antony less men and weaker army  Cleopatra promised Egyptian navy and assured Antony win naval battle  Egyptians allowed themselves to get trapped in the harbor at Actium  Antony and Cleopatra fled  Octavian chased them  Eventually, Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide when it was hopeless  Octavian hunted down all of Cleopatra’s children and killed them

14. And the money poured in… The last Egyptian pharaoh was now dead Octavian took control of Egypt  Personal possession; didn’t turn over to the Senate like before  Egypt’s wealth went into his own personal treasury