1. Chapter 2 Sec 2 English Colonies in America

2. North American Exploration

3. English Exploration John Cabot No colonization for 80 years May 1497
Nova Scotia
Disappeared 2nd voyage
No colonization for 80 years
Lack of $
No real reason
Allied w/Spain against France

4. What drove people from England to America?
I. Religion
Protestant Reformation-1517
Martin Luther
John Calvin**
(congregations choose own elders and ministers)
Impacted England and later America
King Henry VIII had just created the Anglican Church (broke from Catholic Church)

5. Differing views on the Anglican Church
Puritans
Wanted to purify the church
Influenced by Calvin
Clashed with James I
who did not want changes

6. What drove people from England to America?
II. The economy
The Enclosure Movement
Wool demand increased
English landowners could make more money raising sheep than renting out land
Converted their lands to sheep farms
Many tenant farmers homeless and jobless
Better chance at life by leaving England

7. Economy Cont’d Wool supply outgrew demand-1550 Looking for new markets
Formed Joint-stock companies
Pooled money of investors
Raised more $ for big projects
Eng merchants could trade with & colonize other parts of world independently of government

8. What drove people from England to America?
III. Politics
Growing rivalry with Spain
England leading Protestant power
Netherlands(Dutch)-Protestant
Spanish tried to suppress Protestants in Nether.
Queen Eliz sent privateers to attach Spanish ships -
Spain leading Catholic power
England needed outposts to support naval operations against Spain

9. Roanoke Mystery
Sr. Walter Raleigh set up the first Eng. colony in the Americas
Near current NC/VA
Roanoke
He named the land “Virginia” in honor of the “Virgin Queen” Elizabeth

10. Roanoke Mystery Cont’d
1585 1st group
Raleigh sent 100 men
Hard winter-left
1587 2nd group
91 men, 17 women, 9 children
Gov.John White ret’d to England for supplies-return delayed
Eng/Spain war

11. Roanoke Mystery Cont’d
Gov White returns 1590
Colony is gone
No bodies
Empty houses
“CRO” carved on post
Still a mystery

12. Jamestown Settled1606 by a charter from King James 1
The Virginia Company
John Smith leader
3 ships & 144 men
Settled on banks of river
James River & Jamestown
Named after king
Swampy/mosquitoes

13. Jamestown Troubles Environment Lack of survival knowledge Politics
Swampy/mosquitoes/disease
Lack of survival knowledge
Did not know about living in woods and how to fish and raise livestock
Lack of food
Politics
Upperclass “gentleman” refused to work
Arguing in government
Lawlessness

14. Jamestown Troubles Cont’d
200 new settlers in 1608
53 still alive by end of year
John Smith/Chief Powhatan heroes
Smith traded with Powhatan Confederacy (Native Americans)
Kept settlers alive
more settlers in August
Not enough food before winter
Stole from N. Americans who attacked

15. Jamestown Troubles Cont’d
“The Starving Time”
Winter
Ate dogs, rats, snakes, toadstools, horsehides
A few-cannibalism
Dug up graves & at people
Jamestown never thrived

16. Tobacco Saves the Colony
The colony lasted, mostly thanks to John Rolfe and his cultivation of tobacco
Rolfe developed new curing method

17. The First Assembly Virginia governed by House of Burgesses
1st representative government in the colonies
Representatives called burgesses
After an attack by N. Americans in 1622 on Jamestown, James I revoked Charter-Royal Colony (Gov. appt by King)   
Patrick Henry before the House of Burgesses in an 1851 painting by Peter F. Rothermel

18. Settling the Land Settlers lured by “headrights” First Africans arrive
Bought share in company or paid for passage – got 50 acres of land
First Africans arrive
1619
Settlers purchased 20 Africans as “Christian servants”

19. Other Colonies and Their Founders
1. Virginia – (see previous notes)
2.Maryland – Lord Baltimore, for Catholics to have freedom to worship
3.Massachusetts – John Winthrop, a refuge for Puritans
4.Rhode Island – Roger Williams, for government with no authority in religious matters, he was a separatist

20. Other Colonies Cont’d
5.Connecticut – Thomas Hooker, they adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, the first written constitution in the colonies
6.New Hampshire – was started by a royal charter due to overcrowding in Massachusetts. Maine was as well but later was bought back by Massachusetts

21. Other Colonies Cont’d
7&8. New York and New Jersey – originally founded by Henry Hudson for the Dutch but King Charles sent his brother James to take it for England
9&10Pennsylvania and Delaware– William Penn, refuge for Quakers, love and pacifism for all

22. Other Colonies Cont’d
11&12. North and South Carolina – King Charles gave this land to his political allies, mostly for farming
13.Georgia – James Oglethorpe, a place for poor English debtors to start over