1. Carbohydrates Functions Quick energy and short-term energy storage
They play a structural role in plants, bacteria (cell wall), and insects (chitin).
Act as cell markers for cell-to-cell recognition
Simple carbohydrates / monosaccharides
(monomers of carbohydrates)
glucose (hexose sugar)
fructose
galactose
ribose (pentose sugar)
deoxyribose
Carbohydrates also play a role in cell-to-cell recognition. Carbohydrates have the atomic grouping H-C-OH, in which the ratio of H to O atoms is close to 2:1.

2. A DISACCHARIDE is made from linking two monosaccharides together.

3. COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE POLYSACCHARIDE is made from linking many A monosaccharides together
Examples of polysaccharides formed by dehydration synthesis reaction:
Starch
Glycogen
cellulose

4. Starch Glycogen Structure: long chains of glucose with
few branches many branches
Function: Storage form of glucose (energy)
In plant In animals
Starch and glycogen are the storage forms of glucose in plants and animals, respectively. Cellulose is found in plant cell walls. In cellulose, the glucose chains are joined differently than in glycogen or starch; human digestive enzymes cannot break these linkages in cellulose (thus humans derive no energy from eating cellulose).

5. Cellulose
Structure: long chains of glucose with alternating bonds between glucose molecules
Function: structural component of plant and bacterial cell walls and exoskeleton (chitin) of insects / crabs
Is the fiber in our diet as we can not break the bonds.
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