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Migration Learning Target #1
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Why do people move? Immigration – Moving INTO an area
Emigration – Leaving (EXITING) an area Migration – Moving within the same area
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Push v. Pull Push: Force people to move Pull: Pull people to move
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Push Pull JOBS Famine or Drought Political Fear
Slavery or Forced Labor Poor Medical Care Loss of Wealth Natural Disasters Lack of Political or Religious Freedom Pollution Poor Housing Landlord/Tenant Issues Bullying Discrimination War/Civil War Better living conditions Political and/or religious freedom Enjoyment Education Better Medical Care Attractive Climates Security Family Connections
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Key Factors Social – How people interact
Economic – How money is made and shared Political – How it affects governments Environmental – How it affects the physical area
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Social Factors How groups of people interact
Ethnical and Racial Tensions Religious _________ Family Connections
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Political Factors Forced Political Migrants
Refugee: Forced to migrate to avoid conflict, natural disasters, cannot return for fear of life INTERNALLY Displaced Individual Similar to refugee but hasn’t left the country Asylum: Someone who has migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee
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Environmental Factors
Pushed from hard or hazardous regions Most Common: Water (Too much or too little) Pulled towards physically attractive regions Mountains, seasides, warm climates
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Desire for JOBS (#1 Reason)
Economic Factors Desire for JOBS (#1 Reason)
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Obstacles to Immigration
Intervening Obstacle In the past: Distance Connection to Model: Distance Decay
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Today: Borders Example: Migrant needs a passport to legally emigrate from a country and a visa to legally immigrate to the new country Connection to Model: Time Space Compression
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Where do people move?
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“Laws of Migration” E. G. Ravenstein 19th Century Geography
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Distance of Migrants Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country Long-distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activities (Urban Areas) Most migration occurs in steps Most migration occurs from rural to urban
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Reasons for Migrating Most people migrate for economic reasons
Political and environment can also encourage people to move
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Characteristics of Migrants
Most migrants are males Most international migrants are young males, while more internal migrants are female
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Imagine you are a “typical” immigrant according to Ravenstein’s Laws
Imagine you are a “typical” immigrant according to Ravenstein’s Laws. How would you answer these questions?
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Usually I migrate only a _________ distance
Probably from the country to the _______
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If I do travel internationally, I will go to a ___________
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I probably will travel in ___________
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I’m probably travelling to find a __________
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I am probably a _______
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Demographic Transition Model
Population Explosion No Migration Population Decline Migration to Cities High Levels of Immigration High Levels of Emigration
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Connection to Demographic Transition Model
International migration usually occurs when a country is in stage 2 Internal migration is more important in stage 3 and 4
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For each vocabulary word. . .
Types of Migration For each vocabulary word. . . Write a description Create a visual reminder Give an example
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Transnational or International
Let’s analyze the prefixes Inter – Prefix International Trans - Prefix
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Transnational or International – Moving into another country
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Voluntary v. Forced Migration
Voluntary – Choosing to migrate Usually motivated by PULL factors Forced – Not by choice Usually motivated by PUSH factors
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Interregional v. Intraregional
Go back to prefixes Inter – Between Intra – Within Interregional – Movement between regions Intraregional – Movement within a region Usually rural to urban
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Chain Migration Move to location other family members moved to or where a connection exists
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Step Migration Shorter migration to final destination
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Seasonal Migration Move for a short period of time, then move to another location or back home
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Movement from the country to cities
Rural to Urban Movement from the country to cities Usually for jobs
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Counter-Urbanization
Move from Urban to Rural Mostly occurs in Western United States
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What are consequences of migration?
Learning Target #2
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Let’s Look at the Global Scale First
Historical Migration Let’s Look at the Global Scale First
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Historic Migrations – African Slave Trade
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Historic Migrations – Great Atlantic Migration
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US Great Migration
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Historic Migration – Post-World War II Resettlements
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Historic Migration – Partition of India
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Historic Migration – Chinese Urbanization
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Analysis of Smaller Scale - US
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US Historical Patterns of International Migration
Colonies and Newly Formed US ( s) Two Main Regions Europe (90% from Britain) Sub-Saharan Africa Slave Trade
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US Historical Patterns of International Migration
90% from Europe 1840s and 1850s: Germany and Ireland Irish Famine Germany: Political Unrest
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US Historical Patterns of International Migration
1860s – Civil War
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US Historical Patterns of International Migration
1870s: Germany and Ireland 1800s: Scandinavia : Southern and Eastern Europe
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US Historical Patterns of International Migration
After WWII (1950s to Today) Two Main Regions Asia Latin America
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Demographic Transition Model
Why did Europe stop large-scale immigration to the US in the mid-1900s? Why did Asia and Latin America begin large-scale immigration in the mid-1900s? Demographic Transition Model Population Explosion No Migration Population Decline Migration to Cities High Levels of Immigration High Levels of Emigration
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Beginnings Hugging the coast Crossing the Appalachians Rushing to the Gold Filling in the Great Plains Moving South
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Map it Out Map and label the 5 main migration inside the United States
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Global Migration Today
9% of the world’s people are international migrants TODAY: Three largest flows are Asia to Europe Asia to North America Latin America to North America
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By percentage, Oil-rich countries of Middle East
By numbers, U.S. has more foreign-born residence than any other country Australia and Canada follow By percentage, Oil-rich countries of Middle East Perform the dirty and dangerous function in the oil fields
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Social How people interact
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How do the following pictures show some of the social consequences of migration?
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Social - Consequences of Migration
Changing Demographics Immigrants are young Seeking after jobs Women are increasing in immigration Therefore, # of children is also increasing Assimilation - Definition: Process where a person’s culture come to adopt those of another group
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Economic $$$$
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How do the following pictures show some of the economic consequences of migration?
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Economic Productive v. Dependency Group Immigration of Skilled Worker
Immigration of Unskilled Workers Interaction with social services Brain Drain – Effect on immigrants country
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Remittance – Transfer of money by a foreign worker to his or her home country
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Political Deals with governments items
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How do the following pictures show some of the political consequences of migration?
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Political Increasing role of borders Changing groups in the country
Influence on politics
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Environmental
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Border and Construction Migration Paths Refugee Camps
Resources and Carrying Capacity Interaction with birth rates and wealthier lifestyle
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