1. Struggle for Democracy in South Asia
What caused the ongoing conflict in South Asia?

2. I. Struggles after Independence in British India
A. 1947: British grant independence to India but country is partitioned (split) due to issues between Hindus & Muslims
1. Two countries form: India (maj. Hindu) & Pakistan (maj. Muslim)
a. country of Pakistan will have two states: East & West Pakistan
B. Summer of ’47: millions scramble to relocate – 1 million die during riots
Kashmir
West Pakistan
1. Gandhi pleas with Hindus to stop violence – he is assassinated
C. 1949: India & Pakistan fight over Kashmir Region (Hindu ruler but Muslim Majority)
India
East Pakistan
1. UN cease-fire in /3 to Pakistan and 2/3 to India

3. II. Cold War in South Asia
A. India’s leader Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru joins non-aligned movement
B. Pakistan’s leader M. Ali Jinnah aligns with US
C. 1971: Getting few resources, E. Pakistan declares independence naming itself Bangladesh
D. Civil War erupts, new Indian leader Indira Gandhi backs Bangladesh, US backs Pakistan.
1. Bangladesh wins independence
E. Soviets form a friendship alliance with India
F. Sikh nationalists wanting their own country (Punjab) assassinate Indira Gandhi
III. Pakistan after the Civil War
A. Ali Bhutto takes control after war, brings stability but is overthrown by Gen. Zia
B. 1988: Zia dies in a mysterious plane crash, Benazir Bhutto (Ali’s daughter) becomes PM of Pakistan

4. Please answer the questions below your notes in complete sentences!
1. Why was Indian partitioned after independence?
2. What were issues and what happened in Kashmir?
3. Why was there a civil war in Pakistan?
4. What is the cause of conflict in Sri Lanka and what groups are involved?