1. The Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin

2. I. Russia at the end of WWI
Russian Revolution overthrew Czar Nicholas II and replaced by Premier Lenin
B. Renamed country the Soviet Union
C. Communism - a system of social
organization in which all economic
and social activity is controlled by a
totalitarian state dominated by a
single political party.

3. COMMUNISM
gov’t has total control over political and economic lives of the people

4. My moustache is better than yours!
Lenin died and 2 men fought for leadership in Soviet Union
1. Trotsky was favored to take over, but
Stalin forced him out of country
My moustache is better than yours!

5. Stalin sent agents of the Soviet secret police to Mexico where Trotsky was living in They put an axe / ice-pick into Trotsky's brain while he was sitting at a table writing.

6. Stalin takes over from Lenin
"To choose one's victims, is to quench an unrelenting vengeance, and then go to bed. There is nothing sweeter on earth..."

7. II. Stalin takes over power
Stalin become dictator in 1924
People who opposed him were sent to Gulags , work camps in Siberia

8. GULAGS

9. C. Stalin took control of religion, the arts, science, sports, and the economy.
Total Control

10. D. Collectivization – a system of total control of the means of all economic activities by gov’t
1. control of industry led to shortage of consumer
goods (basic products)
2. Collective Farms - control of food led to famine in
some areas
a. Seized 25 million farms
b. Kulaks – wealthy peasants, they protested
and Stalin had them killed, estimated at
about 10 million
c. By 1938, 90% of peasants lived on
collective farms

11. E. 5 Year Plan
Stalin outlines five year plan – for the development of the economy
2. modernize and industrialize the
country
3. Government controlled all aspects of
people’s lives
a. chose jobs, assigned hours, needed permission of the police to move
4. Those who did not cooperate could be
sent to the gulags

12. No one knew any of this was happening. All very hush-hush!
All this failed!!!
No one knew any of this was happening. All very hush-hush!

13. Weapons of Totalitarianism
Police terror – destroyed enemies of Stalin
Monitored telephone lines, read mail, planted informants
Many children told on parents for “disloyal” comments
Thousands who had helped in 1917 were executed
1934 Great Purge

14. F. Great Purge
1. turned on own party members who were thought to be enemies of the state

15. Real Stalin and Public Stalin
There were 2 Stalins –
Real Stalin and Public Stalin

16. G. Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
Hitler signed a pact with Stalin to not attack each other because he wanted to prevent a 2-front war

19. No Way! He takes over as dictator, becomes worse than any czar.
End of Stalin?
No Way! He takes over as dictator, becomes worse than any czar.
He made USSR a world power but at what cost… millions of his own people. Nobody really new what he did until the 1950’s!

20. 5m

21. JAPAN

22. I. Japan after WWI
A. Newly industrialized country still heavily dependent on imports in raw materials and fuel – expansion to the mainland only solution. B. There luxury exports decreased drastically and a few bad harvests led to their own economic depression C. Increase in the distrust with the west led to strong feelings of nationalism.
Let’s increase nationalism and expand and take stuff in China – that will fix our economic problems!

23. II. The Emperor Hirohito 1926-1989
I’m a big loser. I am a puppet doing what I am told to do!
A. The Emperor Showa of Japan – Dictator.
B. He had complete control over, and commanded complete loyalty from his subjects.
C. His fascist gov’t was different because the military made choices, he was like a puppet.

24. Known as the Kwantung Army
MILITARY HAD THE POWER
Known as the Kwantung Army

25. I don’t look that evil – but I’m a bad, bad boy!
Approved a direct attack on China became known as Manchurian Incident 1931 – all to get resources
He used his Prime Minister and head General Hideki Tojo to use “total war” tactics.
1. Responsible of 8million
civilian deaths prior and
during WWII

26. League of Nations protested so Japan dropped out
Japan wanted to create a “New Order” where corporations worked through the military to have total control.
1. Technocrats – were the high
military officials in Japan’s gov’t using
technology to make new policies
H. Japan joined the Axis Powers
I. In 1937, Japan invaded China starting an all out war and used total war tactic to gain large areas of China’s land

27. WAR WITH CHINA 1937
A clashed occurred between Japan and China near Beijing. This clashed caused a war until 1945.
2nd
Sino-
Japanese
War

29. Japanese soldiers frequently rounded up the Chinese to provide them with bayonet practice

30. III. How the Japanese Gov’t Rules the People
Controlled public opinion
Regulated the media (radio, newspaper)
Used harsh military tactics on the people they conquered
Required strict allegiance to Japan or faced dishonor/death

31. How did countries
of the world
respond to these
Totalitarian
Leaders?

32. APPEASEMENT
Europeans allowed Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, and Japan to do what they wanted to AVOID going to war against them.

33. ISOLATIONISM
Avoiding any involvement in other nations’ disputes or wars.
The US adopted this policy