1. A DRUG IS ANY SUBSTANCE OTHER THAN FOOD WHICH CHANGES THE
WAY THE BODY OR MIND FUNCTIONS.

2. Types of drugs
A) Stimulants (uppers) – Speed up the brain and central nervous system. Examples are caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, speed, cocaine and diet pills.

3. Types of drugs
B) Depressants (downers) – Slow down the brain and central nervous system. Examples are alcohol, tranquilizers, sleeping pills.

4. Types of drugs C) Hallucinogens – These drugs
alter the user’s state of consciousness. (Distort auditory and visual sensations) Examples are LSD, ecstasy, magic mushrooms, marijuana.

5. Types of drugs
d) Opiates & Opioids- these drugs provide pain relief, euphoria, sedation and in increasing doses induce coma.
Examples include heroin, morphine, opium, methadone, Oxycontin/Oxycodone

6. Marijuana can be classified as a depressant or hallucinogen
Types of drugs
e) Cannabis
Marijuana can be classified as a depressant or hallucinogen

7. Types of drugs F) Inhalants- These drugs include
paint thinner, glue, markers, etc.
Attract younger children, or adults who can’t afford alcohol or street drugs, or safe

8. Types of drugs MDMA/ECSTASY KETAMINE ROHYPNOL GHB G) Lab or Club Drugs
Certain drugs have become popular among teens and young adults at dance clubs and raves. They are created/made in a lab and are not used for medical purposes.
MDMA/ECSTASY
KETAMINE
ROHYPNOL
GHB

9. 3) MARIJUANA (Hallucinogen)
Marijuana is the most common illegal drug around
Comes from a plant called “cannabis”
Some people call it pot, weed, grass, hash, smoke or ganja
Cannabis has the chemical “tetrahydrocannabinol” or THC

10. MARIJUANA
Only takes few minutes for THC to get to brain when you smoke marijuana
Eating takes longer to get to brain-passes through digestive system first
In brain, activates “receptors” gives you the feeling of being high
Marijuana changes physical and chemical balance in your brain

11. INHALANTS Risks lack of coordination dizziness euphoria
difficulty speaking
brain damage
organ damage
death caused by choking
high only lasts a few minutes, abusers inhale repeatedly and can lose consciousness or die

12. INHALANTS
Risks
Long term users show weight loss, muscle weakness, irritability, depression

13. ECSTASY (Lab Drug) Ecstasy is a slang term for an illegal drug MDMA
MDMA is synthetic-doesn’t come from a plant but made in secret labs
Other chemicals or substances are added to it such as caffeine, amphetamines, dextromethorphan (in some cough syrups), or cocaine.

14. ECSTASY Mind-altering drug
Hallucinogen-acts on the mind to cause people to see or feel things that aren’t really there
Hallucinogens mix up pictures in the mind and throw people into scary or sad experiences in the past
Ecstasy is called “love pill” increases perception of color, sound and sensations

15. ECSTASY “Hit” of ecstasy lasts 3-6 hrs
Once swallowed takes 15 min to enter bloodstream and reach brain
45 min later user reaches peak level high
It’s downhill from there unless user takes more

16. ECSTASY Effects Feeling of sadness Anxiety, Depression
Memory Difficulties
Paranoia
Nervousness
Insomnia
Drug cravings
Increased touch of sense
Suppresses need to eat or sleep
Moist skin or dry mouth

17. ROHYPNOL (Lab Drug) Rohypnol can affect your brain and body
Damages neurons in your brain, impairing your senses, memory, judgment, and coordination
Artificial drug-created in a chem lab during medical research

18. ROHYPNOL
Can make user pass out or slip into coma if taken in large dose or mixed with other drugs
Affects your self-control - is used in “date rape” and other assaults can make you unconscious and immobilizes you
Causes a kind of amnesia-user doesn’t remember what they said or did while on the drug
Comes in a form of a pill, or sometimes powder mixed with a drink, or put into someone’s drink

19. HEROIN (Opiate) Processed from morphine – obtained from opium poppy
“downer” affects brain’s pleasure systems – interferes with brains ability to feel pain

20. HEROIN white to dark brown powder or tar-like substance
is cut with other drugs or substances (sugar, starch, powdered milk)
abusers don’t know actual strength of drug or true contents = high chance of overdose or death
sharing needles and equipment cause other diseases and problems for users

21. HEROIN
leads to flushing of skin, dry mouth, collapsed veins, liver disease
additives don’t dissolve leading to clogs in blood vessels that lead to lungs, liver, kidney or brain
tolerance develops with regular use – user needs more heroin to achieve same intensity

22. Methadone
Methadone is part of a category called opioids. It was created by German doctors during World War II. When it arrived in the United States, it was used to treat people with extreme pain. Today, your doctor may use it as part of your treatment for an addiction to heroin or narcotic painkillers
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid, which means it is manmade in laboratories
Codeine is a prescription pain medication used to treat mild to moderate pain. It comes in tablet form and as the main ingredient in prescription-grade cough suppressants. Tylenol 3, another popular pain reliever, is codeine combined with acetaminophen.

24. Cocaine (Stimulant)
Cocaine is a stimulant drug-more alert and energetic
Cocaine is a white powder comes from the leaves of coca plant
Can be one of the hardest drugs to quit

25. Cocaine
Cocaine makes people feel energetic, talkative, alert and euphoric
More aware of senses (increases sound, touch, sight and sexuality)
Reduces hunger and need to sleep
Increase in self-control and confidence
High doses cause panic attacks, psychotic episodes (paranoia), violent behavior

26. Cocaine
Blood vessels thicken and constrict, reduce flow of oxygen to heart
Heart muscles work harder can lead to heart attack or stroke
Raises blood pressure, can explode weakened blood vessels in brain
Small amount can lead to overdose
Overdose can cause seizure or heart failure
Snorting cocaine can cause sinus infection and loss of smell

27. Cocaine Damage tissues in nose, cause hole in nose
Damage lungs-severe chest pains, breathing problems, high temperatures

28. Crack

29. The Action of Cocaine at Dopamine Receptors in the Brain
Cocaine, a psychoactive drug, interferes with normal transport of the neurotransmitter dopamine. In normal neural communication, dopamine is released into the synapse between neurons. It binds to dopamine receptors on the receiving neuron, and this is recycled back into the transmitting neuron by a transporter. When cocaine molecules are present, they attach to the dopamine transporter and block the recycling process. Too much dopamine remains active in the synaptic gaps between neurons, creating feelings of excitement and euphoria.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

30. CRYSTAL METH (Lab Drug)
Man-made drug
Easy to produce (15 chemicals used)
Main ingredient pseudo ephedrine ( cold remedy), is cooked with chemicals found at hardware store-red phosphorous, iodine, ammonia, paint thinner, ether, Drano, lithium from batteries
Investment of $150 can yield up to $10,000 worth of the drug
Each kg of meth produced 5-7kg of chemical waste dumped down the drain or dumped in backyard

31. CRYSTAL METH By-product is toxic gas which causes fires or explosions
Drug was used during Second World War to keep pilots awake on long missions
Methamphetamine releases high levels of dopamine in the brain a neurotransmitter that is associated with pleasurable or rewarding experiences
After it is taken user feels increased wakefulness and physical activity and decreased appetite

32. CRYSTAL METH
When body is stimulated by meth it causes irreversible damage
Increased heart rate and blood pressure damage blood vessels in the brain, causing strokes, irregular heart beat causing a collapse or death

33. Meth
Amphetamine was first made in 1887 in Germany andmethamphetamine, more potent and easy to make, was developed in Japan in The crystalline powder was soluble in water, making it a perfect candidate for injection.Methamphetamine went into wide use during World War II, when both sides used it to keep troops awake.

34. PRESCRIPTION DRUG ABUSE
Prescription drug abuse is using prescription medication in a way that isn’t prescribed by a health care practitioner, or using someone else’s prescription.
Kids as young as 12 are trying prescription drugs to get high
Prescription drugs are easier to obtain (can be stolen from medicine cabinet)
Teens think they are safer because they have been prescribed

35. The National Institute on Drug Abuse says the three classes of prescription drugs that are often abused are:
Opioids used to treat pain
Central nervous system (CNS) depressants, such as benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium, Ativan, ), used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders
Stimulants, such as amphetamine and  (Adderall) or  (Concerta, Daytrana, Methylin, Ritalin), used to treat attention deficit disorder and narcolepsy (a sleep disorder).

36. OTC
Dextromethorphan (DXM), a cough suppressant found in many OTC cold medicines
Loperamide, an anti-diarrheal
When misusing DXM, people swallow large quantities of the medicine, sometimes mixing it with soda for flavor
Short-term effects of DXM misuse can range from mild stimulation to alcohol-or marijuana-like intoxication. Loperamide misuse can cause euphoria, similar to other opioids, or lessen cravings and withdrawal symptoms, but other effects have not been well studied and reports are mixed.
A person can overdose on cold medicines containing DXM or loperamide.
Misuse of DXM or loperamide can lead to addiction.
There are no medications to treat DXM or loperamide addiction. Behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and contingency management

37. Substance abuse and society
What are the effects of substance abuse on society?
Spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C through sharing needles, or having unprotected sex

38. Substance abuse and society
CRIME
drug possession
drug trafficking
Theft/Robbery
Homelessness
Diseases

39. So After all that….Why do People Use???

40. WHY DO TEENS USE? POOR DECISION MAKING IMPACT OF MEDIA MESSAGES
DEPRESSION/MENTAL ILLNESS
BOREDOM
CURIOSITY
POOR COMMUNICATION SKILLS (REFUSAL SKILLS)
BEING ALLOWED TO
CREATE AN IDENTITY

41. Types of Addictions
Physical Addiction-
Psychological Addiction-