1. Chapter 10 Medieval Kingdoms in Europe
LESSON 1 – Feudalism
LESSON 2 – Peasants, Trade and Cities
LESSON 3 – The Growth of
European Kingdoms
1000AD World Population 310 Million
1044AD gunpowder is developed in China
Slowly a new civilization would emerge that blended Greco-Roman, Germanic and Christian traditions

2. Feudalism reached it height by the High Middle Ages (1000-1300CE)
Stronger kings began to assert their authority
Often clashed with lesser kings and lords

3. England
England had been ruled by Anglo-Saxon kings for centuries, but in 1066, William of Normandy invaded England and defeated the forces of King Harold This was a famous battle - Battle of Hastings

4. England
Battle determined the language and ruling class of England in the Middle Ages

5. England
The Normans spoke French it blended with the locals into a new English language Other traditions blended as well

6. England
French nobles held fiefs under William's rule William, who became known as "William the Conqueror" had a famous census taken which also took count of all his land holdings The census was called the "Domesday Book"
manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in
1086 by order of King William the Conqueror
The assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book
was dispositive and without appeal
The name "Domesday Book" (Middle English for "Doomsday Book") came into use in the 12th century
for as the sentence of that strict and terrible last account cannot be evaded by any skilful subterfuge
so when this book is appealed to ... its sentence cannot be quashed or set aside with impunity
That is why we have called the book 'the Book of Judgement' ... because its decisions,
like those of the Last Judgement, are unalterable

7. England Changes in England: England had strong rulers,
nobility resented the King's power
2) 1215: nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta
3) Magna Carta:
limited the king's power to punish outside the law
b) the king had to obey the law
To no man will we sell, or deny, or delay, right or justice.
-- The Magna Carta
John took over when Richard the Lionheart died in 1199
John was known as John the Softsword
Lost almost all English holdings in France
Johns nobles were very unhappy with him, he was mean, he kept taxing….
they eventually rebelled and forced him to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymeade
Guaranteed basic political rights (to nobles)
Limited the power of the king (now had to abide by laws)
No taxes without representation
Protection of the law
Jury trials
Beginning of decline of monarchial power

8. England
Changes in England:
Parliament: a representative body made up of 1 - two knights from each county
2 - two people per town
3 - all the nobility
Eventually became two bodies:
The House of Lords/The House of Commons
King Edward I needed money for wars with France, so he was forced to call
a meeting of representatives to approve the raising of taxes
He asked for 2 men from each borough, and 2 knights from each county to
meet at Westminster, and this became the first Parliament
– Kings would convene Parliament to raise taxes

9. France became a large country
French rulers also wanted to increase their power
Ruled under Feudal system after Charlemagne, some nobles really
had more power than a king
987, a nobleman named Hugh Capet began to gain power –
had lots of wealth and land, and his seat of power was Paris
He took over after the last Carolingian king died, and established
the Capetian Dynasty that would rule France for 400 years
France eventually united under the Capetian kings

10. France
2) Best governing monarchy in Europe 3) Parliament with Three Estates: 1st Estate: Clergy 2nd Estate: Nobility 3rd Estate: everyone else

11. Holy Roman Empire
Otto I of Germany tried to unify Germany and Italy into what was called the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

12. Holy Roman Empire
He was not able to accomplish this and others tried to unify these states as well None of the powers backed by the Roman Catholic Germany and Italy would remain as many independent states and territories until the 19th century
Holy Roman Empire

13. Spain/Umayyad Caliphate
Spain was conquered by the Umayyads in 725

14. Spain/Umayyad Caliphate
Known as the province of Al-Andalus Rule lasted for several centuries Jews and Christians were allowed to live and practice their religions there

15. Spain/Umayyad Caliphate
They had to abide by the concept of DHIMITUDE
paid a special tax
followed other special rules and limits
Several Christian groups resisted and began the RECONQUISTA (Re-Conquering) of Spain

16. Spain/Umayyad Caliphate
By 929CE, several Christian kingdoms were in Northern Spain The Reconquista would still last for 500 more years

17. Central and Eastern Europe
Slavic people were originally a single group from central Europe They divided into three groups: Western, Southern, Eastern

18. Central and Eastern Europe
Western: Kingdom of Poland and Hungarian kingdoms were converted to Christianity and most became Catholics Southern: most accepted Eastern Orthodox Christianity due to the influence of the Byzantine Empire
Kings/Nobles would be unable or unwilling to pay the money back and expelled the Jews
and seizing their property and their debt would be erased.
 JEWS IN 16TH CENTURY PICTURED AS SATAN
WOMAN INCLUDED
 Poland would be the only country that would accept the Jews. (reason for large population in 1939)
 Knights Templar began to loan money and turned a deaf ear to the protests of some Christians.
 Frances Phillip II wiped out most of Frances debt by naming the Knights Templars as
Enemies of the State and killing its members.

19. Central and Eastern Europe
Eastern: KIEVAN RUS
1) Eastern Slavs originally in present day Ukraine and Russia
2) late 8th Century, Vikings (called the RUS) conquered the
area and settled with the Slavs
9th Century: St. Cyril (For Your Eyes Only) used Greek Alphabet to create Slavic language
- converted Slavs from outside Byzantine (areas not ruled by, but influenced by Byz.)
Russia went Orthodox, followed Byzantine (Persian, Greek, Romanish, Eastern European)
-During the mid 9th century, Slavs (from north of the Black Sea) started to trade with Constantinople
-Slavs blended with Greek culture; Russian culture grew from this
-Russia originally west of the Urals between the Baltic and Black Seas Grasslands in the south, forest in the north
Forests filled with Slavic farmers; not united
-About 800, Vikings joined them
-862 Viking Chief Rurik became king and founded Russia’s first city, Novgorod
-860 Rus Vikings attack Constantinople

20. Central and Eastern Europe
Eastern: KIEVAN RUS 3) This area attracted Byzantine missionaries, who converted them to Eastern Orthodox Christianity This established a link to Byzantines 4) 13th Century: Infighting enabled them to be overtaken by the MONGOLS
Mid 1200s – Mongols (nomads from Central Asia) invaded Russia led by Genghis Khan
Historians are unsure why they moved, but they expanded all the way from the
Yellow Sea to the Baltics, the Himalayas to Northern Russia
1240 Ruined Kiev, under control of Genghis’ Grandson, Batu
Mongols ruled Russia for over 200 years
Life under Mongol Rule:
Russians could follow their own customs
Religious toleration
Mongols required very high taxes
Eventually, Mongol rule would lead to the rise of Moscow

21. Central and Eastern Europe
Eastern: KIEVAN RUS
5) One benefit of this was that the Russian
state later unified to oust the Mongols some decades later
Moscow founded in 1320s; Ivan I, prince of Moscow, gained trust of Mongols and became most powerful prince
Convinced Eastern Europe’s bishop to move to Moscow, making it very powerful
Russia really became an empire between 1462 and 1505 during the reign of Ivan III;
called himself Czar, wanted to make Russia the 3rd Rome
Got Mongols out peacefully in 1480
Son Vladimir took over the throne, converted as well, and encouraged all subjects to do so
Because of ties to Byzantine Empire, Kiev became a very important territory
Vladimir’s son, Yaroslav, continued many of the reforms that Vladimir had begun
Used strategic marriages to strengthen trade/control, opened first library, enacted new laws, Christianity grew
After Yaroslav died, chaos ensued; kingdom continued to struggle