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Chapter 10 Medieval Kingdoms in Europe

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1 Chapter 10 Medieval Kingdoms in Europe
LESSON 1 – Feudalism LESSON 2 – Peasants, Trade and Cities LESSON 3 – The Growth of European Kingdoms 1000AD World Population 310 Million 1044AD gunpowder is developed in China Slowly a new civilization would emerge that blended Greco-Roman, Germanic and Christian traditions

2 Feudalism reached it height by the High Middle Ages (1000-1300CE)
Stronger kings began to assert their authority Often clashed with lesser kings and lords

3 England England had been ruled by Anglo-Saxon kings for centuries, but in 1066, William of Normandy invaded England and defeated the forces of King Harold This was a famous battle - Battle of Hastings

4 England Battle determined the language and ruling class of England in the Middle Ages

5 England The Normans spoke French it blended with the locals into a new English language Other traditions blended as well

6 England French nobles held fiefs under William's rule William, who became known as "William the Conqueror" had a famous census taken which also took count of all his land holdings The census was called the "Domesday Book" manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror The assessors' reckoning of a man's holdings and their values, as recorded in Domesday Book was dispositive and without appeal The name "Domesday Book" (Middle English for "Doomsday Book") came into use in the 12th century for as the sentence of that strict and terrible last account cannot be evaded by any skilful subterfuge so when this book is appealed to ... its sentence cannot be quashed or set aside with impunity That is why we have called the book 'the Book of Judgement' ... because its decisions, like those of the Last Judgement, are unalterable

7 England Changes in England: England had strong rulers,
nobility resented the King's power 2) 1215: nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta 3) Magna Carta: limited the king's power to punish outside the law b) the king had to obey the law To no man will we sell, or deny, or delay, right or justice. -- The Magna Carta John took over when Richard the Lionheart died in 1199 John was known as John the Softsword Lost almost all English holdings in France Johns nobles were very unhappy with him, he was mean, he kept taxing…. they eventually rebelled and forced him to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymeade Guaranteed basic political rights (to nobles) Limited the power of the king (now had to abide by laws) No taxes without representation Protection of the law Jury trials Beginning of decline of monarchial power

8 England Changes in England: Parliament: a representative body made up of 1 - two knights from each county 2 - two people per town 3 - all the nobility Eventually became two bodies: The House of Lords/The House of Commons King Edward I needed money for wars with France, so he was forced to call a meeting of representatives to approve the raising of taxes He asked for 2 men from each borough, and 2 knights from each county to meet at Westminster, and this became the first Parliament – Kings would convene Parliament to raise taxes

9 France became a large country
French rulers also wanted to increase their power Ruled under Feudal system after Charlemagne, some nobles really had more power than a king 987, a nobleman named Hugh Capet began to gain power – had lots of wealth and land, and his seat of power was Paris He took over after the last Carolingian king died, and established the Capetian Dynasty that would rule France for 400 years France eventually united under the Capetian kings

10 France 2) Best governing monarchy in Europe 3) Parliament with Three Estates: 1st Estate: Clergy 2nd Estate: Nobility 3rd Estate: everyone else

11 Holy Roman Empire Otto I of Germany tried to unify Germany and Italy into what was called the Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire

12 Holy Roman Empire He was not able to accomplish this and others tried to unify these states as well None of the powers backed by the Roman Catholic Germany and Italy would remain as many independent states and territories until the 19th century Holy Roman Empire

13 Spain/Umayyad Caliphate
Spain was conquered by the Umayyads in 725

14 Spain/Umayyad Caliphate
Known as the province of Al-Andalus Rule lasted for several centuries Jews and Christians were allowed to live and practice their religions there

15 Spain/Umayyad Caliphate
They had to abide by the concept of DHIMITUDE paid a special tax followed other special rules and limits Several Christian groups resisted and began the RECONQUISTA (Re-Conquering) of Spain

16 Spain/Umayyad Caliphate
By 929CE, several Christian kingdoms were in Northern Spain The Reconquista would still last for 500 more years

17 Central and Eastern Europe
Slavic people were originally a single group from central Europe They divided into three groups: Western, Southern, Eastern

18 Central and Eastern Europe
Western: Kingdom of Poland and Hungarian kingdoms were converted to Christianity and most became Catholics Southern: most accepted Eastern Orthodox Christianity due to the influence of the Byzantine Empire Kings/Nobles would be unable or unwilling to pay the money back and expelled the Jews and seizing their property and their debt would be erased.  JEWS IN 16TH CENTURY PICTURED AS SATAN WOMAN INCLUDED  Poland would be the only country that would accept the Jews. (reason for large population in 1939)  Knights Templar began to loan money and turned a deaf ear to the protests of some Christians.  Frances Phillip II wiped out most of Frances debt by naming the Knights Templars as Enemies of the State and killing its members.

19 Central and Eastern Europe
Eastern: KIEVAN RUS 1) Eastern Slavs originally in present day Ukraine and Russia 2) late 8th Century, Vikings (called the RUS) conquered the area and settled with the Slavs 9th Century: St. Cyril (For Your Eyes Only) used Greek Alphabet to create Slavic language - converted Slavs from outside Byzantine (areas not ruled by, but influenced by Byz.) Russia went Orthodox, followed Byzantine (Persian, Greek, Romanish, Eastern European) -During the mid 9th century, Slavs (from north of the Black Sea) started to trade with Constantinople -Slavs blended with Greek culture; Russian culture grew from this -Russia originally west of the Urals between the Baltic and Black Seas Grasslands in the south, forest in the north Forests filled with Slavic farmers; not united -About 800, Vikings joined them -862 Viking Chief Rurik became king and founded Russia’s first city, Novgorod -860 Rus Vikings attack Constantinople

20 Central and Eastern Europe
Eastern: KIEVAN RUS 3) This area attracted Byzantine missionaries, who converted them to Eastern Orthodox Christianity This established a link to Byzantines 4) 13th Century: Infighting enabled them to be overtaken by the MONGOLS Mid 1200s – Mongols (nomads from Central Asia) invaded Russia led by Genghis Khan Historians are unsure why they moved, but they expanded all the way from the Yellow Sea to the Baltics, the Himalayas to Northern Russia 1240 Ruined Kiev, under control of Genghis’ Grandson, Batu Mongols ruled Russia for over 200 years Life under Mongol Rule: Russians could follow their own customs Religious toleration Mongols required very high taxes Eventually, Mongol rule would lead to the rise of Moscow

21 Central and Eastern Europe
Eastern: KIEVAN RUS 5) One benefit of this was that the Russian state later unified to oust the Mongols some decades later Moscow founded in 1320s; Ivan I, prince of Moscow, gained trust of Mongols and became most powerful prince Convinced Eastern Europe’s bishop to move to Moscow, making it very powerful Russia really became an empire between 1462 and 1505 during the reign of Ivan III; called himself Czar, wanted to make Russia the 3rd Rome Got Mongols out peacefully in 1480 Son Vladimir took over the throne, converted as well, and encouraged all subjects to do so Because of ties to Byzantine Empire, Kiev became a very important territory Vladimir’s son, Yaroslav, continued many of the reforms that Vladimir had begun Used strategic marriages to strengthen trade/control, opened first library, enacted new laws, Christianity grew After Yaroslav died, chaos ensued; kingdom continued to struggle


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