1. Chapter 11, The Opposing Sides
THE CIVIL WAR
Chapter 11, The Opposing Sides
Northern Advantages Southern Disadvantages
Population was twice as
large – more soldier.
Had more industries (80%)
Produced 90% of pig iron
used to make weapons
Almost all of firearms/gun-
powder/ammo made in N.
Controlled national treasury
& collected tariffs.
Northern banks loaned
money to fed. Gov. by
buying bonds.
1/3 of population slaves – less
soldiers.
Had to set up armories/foundries
to produce weapons/gunpowder/
ammo.
Only one RR line to move food
& supplies.
Southern planters & banks
could not buy bonds.
The Union Navy blockaded So.
ports which limited collecting
tariffs.
South forced to print its own
paper money – caused inflation

2. PARTY POLITICS in the NORTH
Chapter 11, Sec 1
PARTY POLITICS in the NORTH
1. War Democrats – supported the Civil War & restoring the Union. Opposed ending slavery.
2. Peace Democrats – (Copperheads)
opposed the war and wanted to reunite
the states by using negotiation.
3. Conscription – drafting people for
military service. Caused riots.
4. Militia Law – Lincoln suspended
habeas corpus

3. WEAK Southern Government
Chapter 11, Sec 1
WEAK Southern Government
1. President Davis was limited by states’
rights in conducting the war.
2. Many Southerners objected to being
forced to serve in the army.
3. They did not like new taxes.

4. Chapter 11, Sec 1 QUESTION: Who did the South want to help them?
The British Navy
QUESTION: So what did the South do to get them to help?
They stopped selling cotton to France &
Great Britain to pressure them.

5. THE CIVIL WAR THE FIRST “MODERN WAR” 1. New cone-shaped bullets – more
accurate, could be loaded and
fired faster.
2. Trenches & barricades were used to
protect them.
3. ATTRITION – wearing down of one
side by the other.
4. The South used a defensive tactic so that
large numbers of men were not killed trying
to charge the enemy.

6. Chapter 11, Sec 1 ANACONDA PLAN The Union strategy was proposed by
Gen. Winfield Scott.
Called for a
blockade of
Confederate ports and sending gunboats
down the Mississippi to divide the
Confederacy.

7. The Anaconda Plan

8. Chapter 11, Sec 2 The Early Stages
The First Battle of Bull Run – South won
Union blockade – South used blockade runners to smuggle supplies.
Confederate Ships – Alabama & Florida
Admiral Farragut (North) helped take New Orleans, the South’s largest city in 1862.

9. Chapter 11, Sec 2 THE WEST Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (Union) –
seized Fort Henry ( South’s main fort
on the Tennessee River); then
Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River.
This gave the Union all of KY and most
of western TN.
SHILOH – Gen. Grant forced the South to retreat. 20,000 casualties.

10. Chapter 11, Sec 2
Gen. Braxton Bragg took Confederate troops to KY to lure the Union armies, but
Union commander Gen. Buell stopped them at Perryville.
Then, Gen. Buell cut the RR lines at
Chattanooga, TN.
Lincoln fired Buell and replaced him with
Gen. Rosecrans who made the Confederates retreat at Murphreesboro, TN.

11. Chapter 11, Sec 2
THE EAST
Gen. McDowell was replaced by Gen. George B. McClellan in the east. He was too cautious & could not make decisions quickly.
Confederate Gen. Johnston was wounded in the Union conflict to take Richmond, VA.
Gen. Robert E. Lee replaced him & caused the North to retreat. N. & S. together lost 30,000 troops.
Second Battle of Bull Run – Gen. Lee forced the North to retreat & was within 20 mi. of Washington.
He began an invasion of the North.

12. Chapter 11, Sec 2
QUESTION: Why did Gen. Lee decide to invade Maryland?
1. Only an invasion of the North would make the North accept the South’s independence.
2. A victory on N. soil might convince the
British to support them & help the Peace Democrats gain control in Congress during next election.
3. Lee could feed his troops from Northern farms & draw Union troops out of VA during harvest season.

13. Chapter 11, Sec 2
The Battle of Antietam – the bloodiest one-day battle of the war & in American history. 6,000 killed & 16,000 wounded.
Lee retreats. Union wins!
NOTE: Lee’s defeat kept Britain from supporting the South & made Lincoln issue The Emancipation Proclamation.

14. THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
Chapter 11, Sec 2
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
Lincoln’s primary purpose was to save the Union!! He had said that if the Union could drive Confederate forces off of Union soil, he would issue proclamation ending slavery.
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
decree freeing all enslaved persons in states
still in rebellion after January 1, 1863.
QUESTION: Could Pres. Lincoln actually free the slaves in the Confederate states?

15. LIFE DURING THE CIVIL WAR
Chapter 11, Sec 3
LIFE DURING THE CIVIL WAR
Battlefield
Nurses
Raised
Money
Women’s
Contributions
during
The Civil War
Managed farms
and
businesses
Volunteered