1. Rise of Modern European Monarchies

2. Unit Objectives
To learn how civilization was re-established after the fall of Rome and the challenges people faced during the Middle Ages
To learn how modern monarchies rose in Rome’s place
To identify key figures and leaders of the Middle Ages and know their impacts

3. The Rise of Monarchies
The decline of Rome had led to chaos because there was no central authority to set all the rules and enforce them—there was no order
Kingdoms were small and kings ruled in name only
The real power lay with who?

4. LAND-OWNING NOBLES
By the late 1100s A.D. three large kingdoms began to form as the basis for three modern nations

5. England Alfred the Great united the native Celts, Angles, Saxons,
Jutes, and Vikings and promoted
a revival of learning

6. William the Conqueror was the Duke of Normandy (a region in France) and a vassal to the King of France
He also happened to be a cousin of the English king
Why and how William conquered England:
ENGLISH KING DIED WITH NO ELDEST SON
WILLIAM RAISED AN ARMY AND PAID OFF THE
ENGLISH NOBLES TO ACCEPT HIM AS THEIR KING

7. William the Conqueror Invades England

8. Henry II
Impact of his rule:
ESTABLISHED COMMON
LAW AND TRIAL BY JURY

9. Thomas Beckett was a close friend and advisor who surprised Henry by
The martyrdom of St Thomas from the St Thomas Altarpiece commissioned in 1424, from Meister Francke by the Guild of English Merchants in Hamburg
Thomas Beckett was a close
friend and advisor who
surprised Henry by
disagreeing with him; He
was killed by the king’s
knights because he was
seen as a threat

10. Magna Carta
DOCUMENT RESTRICTING THE POWER OF THE KING AND GIVING MORE TO PARLIAMENT
Henry’s son was a weak
ruler and was forced to
sign the Magna Carta by
Parliament (England’s
law-making body)

11. France
Hugh Capet took power from a weak king and established the Capetian Dynasty that lasted over 300 years
Impact of his rule:
STRENGTHENED THE TRADITION OF THE ELDEST SON INHERITING THE THRONE (LED TO STABILITY) AND BROUGHT THE NOBLES UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE KING

12. Hugh Capet

13. Philip Augustus strengthened the monarchy even more
Acquired land by marriage or conquest and doubled the size of his empire
Appointed local officials and army leaders who were loyal to him, not the nobles

14. Louis IX made royal courts more powerful than feudal courts, decreed only the king could coin money, and banned private warfare

15. Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
Disputes with the Pope and various nobles kept the German kings weak longer than in England or France
Otto the Great tried to restore the empire of Charlemagne by conquering other Germanic kingdoms and helping the Pope retain his power (he was named Holy Roman Emperor), but more disputes with the Pope and nobles weakened the empire leading to civil war

16. Otto the Great

17. The Hundred Years War England vs France (1337-1453)
Causes:
LAND DISPUTES IN FRANCE (SOME LAND OWNED BY BRITISH)
FRENCH THRONE IN DISPUTE (KING DIED WITH NO ELDEST SON, ENGLISH KING WAS GRANDSON AND FOUGHT KING’S NEPHEW FOR THE FRENCH THRONE)
English won the early battles despite having less money and people because they were more unified and had better military tactics and weapons

18. Joan of Arc:
Claimed she had visions from God and convinced the French king to allow her to lead his troops into battle
She led the French to several key victories that helped turn the tide of the war in favor of the French
What eventually happened to Joan of Arc?

19. SHE WAS BETRAYED BY THE FRENCH, TURNED OVER TO THE BRITISH, AND BURNED AT THE STAKE FOR HERESY

20. What is “heresy”?

21. DOING OR SAYING ANYTHING AGAINST THE CHURCH—PUNISHABLE BY PRISON OR DEATH

22. Joan of Arc

23. Impact of the war
France suffered more because most of the fighting was in France
France gained a sense of unity
It led to civil war in England because the nobles there were unhappy they had lost all their land in France

24. It led to the decline of feudalism
It led to older fighting techniques like the knights being made obsolete by new weapons like the longbow and canon
Spain emerged as a world power

25. Who had the real power during the years following the fall of Rome?
Religious leaders
Land-owning nobles
Merchants
Knights
Kings

26. What did the Magna Carta do?
It ended the monarchy in England
It restricted the power of the monarch in England
It gave more power to Parliament in England
It made England an absolute monarchy

27. Kings had the most power in:
England
France
Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
The had equal power everywhere

28. What seemed to cause the most instability?
Religious differences
Land disputes
Kings dying without leaving a male heir

29. What caused the Hundred Years’ War?
Religious differences
Boundary disputes between England and France
Disputes about who owned land in France
A dispute over who the next king of France was going to be

30. Which of the following was true about Joan of Arc?
She claimed she had vision from God
She led the British Army to several important victories
She was betrayed by the British and burned at the stake by the French
She was betrayed by the French and burned at the stake by the British

31. What impact did the Hundred Years’ War have?
It helped end feudalism
There were several civil wars in France
England gained a new sense of unity
Several older fighting techniques became obsolete (no longer used)
Spain became a world power