1. The American Civil War

2. Election of 1860

3. Abraham Lincoln - President
One month after the election, South Carolina seceded from the Union
By March 1861 northern and southern states were acting as two separate nations

4. The Confederacy Eleven states had seceded
Called: The Confederacy (The Confederate States of America)
President: Jefferson Davis

5. Advantages for Both Sides
North
South
Vast economic resources gave it an advantage in a longer war.
Belief: given its huge advantage in manpower, it would quickly bring the rebellious states in line.
Better army for fighting a short war
Belief: if it could defend itself against northern assaults in its own territory, Union troops would soon quit the field.

6. Union Advantages
Population – The North’s population was more than twice that of the South.
Economic Resources – The Union’s numerous factories and farms were capable of producing the massive amount of war goods and food supplies needed for victory.
Political Leadership – (Jefferson Davis not as good)
Foreign Relations – Recognized throughout the world as a legitimate nation
Naval Superiority – Strong navy, the North was able to blockade southern ports and cut off vital supplies.

7. Southern Advantages
Strategic Position – Needed only to beat back northern assaults.
Preparation for War – Southerners had a stronger military tradition.
Military Leadership – Southern generals (Robert E. Lee and “Stonewall” Jackson) were superior.
Morale – Fighting in defense of their homeland.

8. Lincoln’s Military Strategy
CENTERED ON: Dividing the South’s forces by capturing the Mississippi River
Blockade southern ports in order to stop the exportation of cotton and the importation of supplies and weapons.
Use the North’s larger population to field bigger armies than the South.

9. Battle of Antietam
Between the South had won most of the important battles
September 17, 1862 the North (under General McClellan) was able to stop General Lee (the South)
Used this occasion: the North FINALLY stopping the South to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

11. Emancipation Proclamation

12. Can the United States write a law and make it apply to Great Britain?

13. Does the Emancipation Proclamation apply to the Confederacy given that they seceded from the Union?

14. War Aim:
To Preserve the Union Or
Abolition of Slavery

16. S S S S S S S S S S S S S S

17. Emancipation had become a “military necessity…We must free the slaves or be ourselves subdued…The Administration must set an example, and strike at the heart of the rebellion.”
Secretary of State William H. Seward persuaded Lincoln to wait until there was a major Union military victory.

18. Abraham Lincoln exempts the border states…WHY?

19. January 1, 1863 54th Massachusetts
“such persons [that is, African-American men] of suitable condition, will be received into the armed services of the United States.”
1,007 black soldiers and 37 white officers prepared to head to the South
Strict warning from South: any black soldier captured would be sold into slavery, every white officer would be executed

20. Battle of Gettysburg
War supplies were running low so General Lee decided to take the offensive in a do-or-die invasion of the North.
Three days of fighting: July 1-3, 1863
Ended in a desperate charge across an open field.
Both sides suffered thousands of deaths at Gettysburg.
170,000 Union and Confederate Soldiers
23,000 Union Casualties – 28,000 Confederate Casualities
The Union army was the CLEAR VICTOR.
TURNING POINT OF THE WAR!

21. Gettysburg Address- Abraham Lincoln
-At the official dedication ceremony for the National Cemetery of Gettysburg, PA
The site of one of the bloodiest and most ceisive battles of the Civil War.
Invoked the principles of human equality
Connected the sacrifices of the Civil War with a desire for a “new birth of freedom”
preservation of the Union
The Address

22. What is the long- term impact of the Gettysburg Address?

23. Sherman’s March to the Sea
Began on November 15, 1864 to march across Georgia to split the Confederacy in two.
Seized Savannah by December 21, 1864 and headed to South Carolina
“Here is where the treason began, and here is where it shall end.”
Troops burned and pillaged nearly everything

24. The South Surrenders

25. Election of 1864 Lincoln won with 55% of the popular vote
Needed to end slavery permanently
Passage of the Thirteenth Amendment – January 31, 1865
Banned Slavery in the United States

26. Surrender: April 9, 1865
General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Grant

27. Impact of War on the Home front

28. Civil Liberties
Hundreds of people were arrested but not put on trial in Maryland
Habeas Corpus (5th Amendment) was suspended
Fear that individuals loyal to the South would take over the state.
By the end of the war 15,000 people had been arrested and imprisoned without formal trials