1. Purpose Monosaccharides Disaccharides
Carbohydrates
Purpose
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides

2. Carbohydrates, or carbs are sugars, starches, and cellulose
What is a Carb?
Carbohydrates, or carbs are sugars, starches, and cellulose
Carbs are produced by plants during photosynthesis

3. Function/Purpose of Carbohydrates
Carbs provide nutrients to living things
Cellulose – provides support for plants
Starch – stores energy in plants

4. Function/Purpose of Carbohydrates
Carbs provide nearly all of the energy available in plant-derived foods
Animals can not make their own carbohydrates, therefor they must get them from food

5. Monosaccharide
A simple sugar, the basic single subunit of a carbohydrate
3-7 Carbon
Typically sweet tasting
White solid at room temperature
Soluble in water due to the polar hydroxyl (OH) groups

6. Monosaccharides Glucose Fructose Most abundant monosacch. in nature
Provides energy for cellular activity
All eaten carbs break down into glucose, stored in liver as glycogen or used by cells immediately
In most fruits and honey
Sweetest natural sugar
Can be used as a low- calorie sweetner, less needed for same sweetness

7. Disaccharide
Sugar that consists of two monosaccharide units that are joined together via dehydration condensation

8. Disaccharides “Table Sugar” Glucose + Fructose
Sucrose
Lactose
“Table Sugar”
Glucose + Fructose
From sugar cane, or sugar beets
“milk sugar”
Glucose + Galactose
Human milk 7-8% lactose
Cow milk is 4-5%
Baby formula is enriched with lactose to be more like human breast milk