1. Verb and Verb Phrase (I)
Lecture Four
Verb and Verb Phrase (I)

2. Classification of verbs
main verbs vs. auxiliaries
transtive verbs vs. intranstive verbs vs linking verbs
dynamic verbs vs. stative verbs
finite verbs vs. non-finite verbs
single-word verbs vs. phrasal verbs
regular verbs vs. irregular verbs

3. Main verbs transtive verbs mono-transitive verbs: taking an object
What language do you speak?
ditransitive verbs: taking an indirect and a direct object
He gave me a book.
complex transitive verbs: taking a direct object and an object complement
You should keep the room clean.
Intranstive verbs
linking verbs/copula
The dish smells delicious.

4. Auxiliaries primary auxiliaries be, do, have modal auxiliaries
can/could, may/might, will/would, shall/should, must, ought to, dare, need, used to
semi-auxiliaries
be able to, be bound to, be going to, be supposed to, be about to, be due to, be likely to, have to, etc.

5. Finite verbs marked for tense
two forms: the present tense, the past tense
She calls regularly.
Someone called yesterday.

6. Non-finite verbs have no tense distinctions
three forms: the infinitive, the –ing participle and the –ed participle
She may call tonight.
We want her to call.
Calling early, she found him at home.
Called early, she ate a quick breakfast.

7. Tense
Tense is a grammatical form associated with verbs that tells of the distinctions of time.
It shows the relationship between the form of the verb and the time of the action or state it describes.
tense vs. time
past present future
In English, verbs may be in the present or past tense.
The sun rises in the east.
I am leaving next Monday.
Suddenly she collapses on the floor.

8. Aspect
Aspect is a grammatical term indicating whether an action or state at a given time is viewed as complet or incomplete.
the progressive tense
the perfect tense
The historical development of the progressive tense
He was on working – He was a-working – He was working.

9. Voice
Voice is a grammatical category, a form of the verb which shows whether the subject of a sentence acts or is acted on.
the active voice
the passive voice

10. Mood
Mood is a finite verb form that indicate whether an utterance expresses a fact, a command or request, or a non-fact and hypothesis.
the indicative mood
the imperative mood
the subjunctive mood