1. A Land of Varied Riches
Chapter 3, Section 1

2. The Geography of Europe
People travel throughout Europe mostly by cars, airplanes, and trains.
Prior to the 19th century, the fastest method of travel was water.

3. Waterways Water surrounds continent on north, south, and west.
Southern coast has Mediterranean Sea.
Rhine and Danube are most important rivers.
Volga River is 2,200 miles and runs through western Russia.

4. Peninsulas Several large peninsulas form the continent.
Along the peninsulas are fjords—or inlets to the sea between steep cliffs.
Entire continent is surrounded by water on three sides.

5. Mountains
Mountain ranges, especially the Alps, stretch across much of the continent.
Ural Mountains divide the continent from Asia.
Mountain ranges separated people thousands of years ago, which created different cultures.

6. Great European Plains
Plains is a vast region that stretches from the coast of France to the Ural Mountains.
Contains some of the world’s richest farmlands.
Ancient trading centers attracted many people to the area and includes cities such as Paris, Berlin, Warsaw, and Moscow.

7. Climate Gulf Stream brings warm air and water.
Winters in the far north and in the mountains are cold.
In warmer parts of Europe, January temperatures are above 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

8. Summer Temperatures South Elsewhere Hot and dry
Average July temperature is 80 degrees Fahrenheit
Mediterranean Sea is popular vacation spot
Most places have July temperatures between 50 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit
Mountains and far north are colder

9. Natural Resources
Continent has large variety of natural resources, including minerals.
Rich coal deposits in Germany’s Ruhr Valley fuel the major industrial centers.
Russia and Ukraine have large deposits of iron ore, which are used for automobiles and other products.

10. Rainfall Continent has rich soil and plentiful rainfall.
Great European Plains averages 20 to 40 inches per year.
Most parts of continent support some type of agriculture, which makes Europe a world leader in crop production.

11. Sound of Music

12. Questions?