1. North vs. South
The American Civil War

2. The War Begins…
At 4:30am on April 12, 1861, the Civil War began with the attack on Fort Sumter

3. War Making Resources NORTH SOUTH 6 million white population
Emancipation Proclamation
110,000 factories
30,000 track miles
NY manufactured goods valued at $385 million
SOUTH
6 million white population
3.5 million slaves
18,000 factories
9000 track miles
VA, LA, AL, MS manufactured goods valued at $85 million

4. Unknowns of the Civil War
Four border states of DE, MD, MO, & KY were crucial
Long vs. short war
Foreign intervention was also possible
South identified with Revolution, with North cast in role of Britain

5. Two Kinds of Union General
Some emphasized their difficulties over their strengths and had little stomach for fighting (McClellan)
Others saw their opportunities and their opponent’s problems and never hesitated to fight (Grant)

6. First Battle of Bull Run
President Lincoln ordered McDowell to advance, resulting in the First Battle of Bull Run (or First Manassas) on July 21, 1861
McDowell’s objective was Richmond, but he had to get through 22,000 Confederates

7. Battle of Shiloh
“War,” as one Confederate cavalryman noted, “means fighting…and fighting means killing”
Shiloh proved him true, as each side had more than 1,700 killed and 8,000 wounded

8. Robert E. Lee & Antietam
Jefferson Davis appointed General Robert E. Lee on June 1, 1862
When darkness fell on the Antietam battlefield on September 17, 24,000 men lay dead, half of them in gray

9. Emancipation Proclamation
Proclaimed on January 1st, 1863
“There is no power on earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship” ~ Frederick Douglass

10. Battle of Chancellorsville
Hooker outnumbered Lee & Jackson 2-to-1
North lost more men, but Southern losses were a higher % of their army
One of the Southern casualties was “Stonewall” himself

11. A Supply of Shoes…
A Southern brigade bumped into an advance northern unit near Gettysburg
Battle line extended southward along Cemetery Ridge to Little Round Top and Big Round Top
Lee had to attack along the “fishhook”

12. Vicksburg
After two frontal assaults failed, Grant settled in for a long siege
On the same day as Pickett’s charge, 7/3/1863, the Confederates asked for terms of surrender

13. South Begins to Crumble…
Grant was at first routed by Lee in the Battle of the Wilderness on May 5, 1864, but refused to retreat
Lincoln routed Democratic candidate George McClellan in the 1864 election

14. Sherman’s March to the Sea

15. Surrender at Appomattox
- April 9th, 1865 – Lee surrendered to Grant at the Appomattox Court House