1. Organic Molecules
Ms. Cuthrell

2. 4.1.1
Compare the structures and functions of the major biological molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) as related to the survival of living organisms.

3. 1. Carbohydrates
composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Ratio 1:2:1 Function: quick energy.
Units are simple sugars called monosaccharides, such as glucose (C6H12O6).
Disaccharides are double sugars such as sucrose (table sugar).
Polysaccharides- starch (energy storage in plants), glycogen (energy storage in animals), cellulose (forms cell walls of plants).

4. 1:2 Ratio of Carbon and Hydrogen
C12H22O11

5. Carbohydrates Heterotrophs- eat to obtain
Autotrophs- make during photosynthesis in the chloroplast of their cells

6. Diabetes
People who have diabetes do not produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin properly to regulate the amount of glucose in the blood.

7. 2. Lipids
Function- energy storage and structural component of plasma membrane (phospholipids).
made of carbon and hydrogen with small amounts of oxygen.
Subunits: triglycerides (3 fatty acid tails and a glycerol molecule)
nonpolar, meaning not soluble in water.
Ex: fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.

8. Clogged Arteries
A diet with a lot of lipids will result in plaque deposits in your bloodstream which can cause heart disease.

9. 3. Proteins
Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
Function- growth and repair of cells; catalyzes reactions
Building blocks or units are amino acids.
20 basic amino acids
bonds between amino acids are called peptide bonds.
Made at ribosomes in cells
Ex: insulin, enzymes, hemoglobin

10. 4. Nucleic Acids Function- genetic blueprint
Complex; store information in the form of a code.
Units are called nucleotides
Types: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA
Found in nucleus of cell.

11. Tests for Organic Molecules
Test Name
Checking For?
Color Change if Positive
Iodine Test (Lugol's Test); (yellow soln)
Starch (carbs)
Blue/Black
Brown Paper Bag Test
Lipids (fats)
Leaves a translucent spot
Benedict's Test (blue soln)
Monosaccharides (carbs)
Red, orange
Biuret's Test (blue soln)
Protein
Violet