1. Rahul Arry Mrs. Wilson 2/2/2016
South sudan
Rahul Arry
Mrs. Wilson
2/2/2016

2. South Sudan genocide
The civil war between the north and south of Sudan resulted in the deaths of an estimated two million people and displaced an additional four million. Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir’s forces not only directly attacked the South but also manipulated tribal tensions to create internal conflict that still persists today.

3. South Sudan
The violence includes abuses not only by Militias and local tribes, but also by South Sudanese army officials. Additionally, South Sudan hosts some 222,000 refugees, the majority fleeing from ongoing attacks by the government in Sudan’s South Kordofan and Blue Nile states.

4. South Sudan
In 2012, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) shutdown the oil wells so that oil would not flow into pipelines that passed through Sudan. This continued for over a year, with no oil from South Sudan flowing to international markets via Sudan. Given the heavy reliance on oil revenues in both Sudan and South Sudan, continued threats to shut down oil pipelines between the two countries threaten not only the economic well- being of both countries, but also a return to war.

5. The Crisis Within South Sudan
South Sudan, as the world’s newest nation, faces many internal political, economic and security challenges. The government is dominated by one party, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM), a group that is still working to transition to a legitimate government from its roots as a rebel group that fought for years in the bush.

6. Ethnic and Inter-communal Fighting
The South has a history of inter-ethnic fighting, as well as clashes between rebel groups and the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), which have negatively impacted civilians in the region.Over the past two years, inter-communal violence in Jonglei State has grown particularly worrying as local tribes carry out revenge attacks for cattle raids, razing entire villages in the process. The ethnic targeting, hate speech and rising numbers of deaths and displacement in Jonglei make these clashes particularly troubling.Since South Sudan’s independence, over one thousand people have been killed as a result of the ethnic violence in Jonglei and tens of thousands more injured and displaced, with an estimated 100,000 cut off from life-saving aid in July 2013.

7. Clashes between Militias, Rebels and the Government
South Sudan has also had to contend with the threat of militia groups, many with a history of support from the North. Militia threats have especially tested the level of professionalization of the new army in Upper Nile, Unity and Jonglei States as several government soldiers have been implicated in heavy handed responses against civilians.
In Jonglei, the David Yau Yau militia, a group with a history and recent further implications of support from Sudan, has clashed with the SPLA and SPLA officers have been implicated in counter- attacks against civilians. In July 2013, the mix of clashes between SPLA, David Yau Yau militia and local ethnic groups cut off an estimated 100,000 people from life-saving aid.

8. South Sudan Becomes a Nation
On January 9, 2011, the people of South Sudan voted to secede from Sudan and form a new nation. This vote was promised in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in 2005, which ended the brutal 22-year civil war between the Sudanese government and citizens in South Sudan. The January referendum displayed a landslide vote for secession, with nearly 100% of voters in the South voting in favor of separation. Six months later on July 9, 2011, the Republic of South Sudan officially became independent.

10. Work cited
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11. Work citied
areas/south-sudan- backgrounder/
outhsudan.html