1. Chapter 5: Open-Ended Questions

2. 1. Why were many Africans able to win independence after WWII?
Atlantic Charter: post war support: “the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live” – US and Britain
Supported by UN
Negritude Movement: pride in African culture – new dignity and self-respect
Rise of Nationalist Leaders and working class support

3. 1. Why were many Africans able to win independence after WWII?
European powers were weakened after the war. Lack of money to run colonies
The Cold War helped nationalists and condemned imperialism – US and Soviet Union

4. 1. Identify ways in which African nations have tried to meet the challenges identified below.
Challenge: Lack of political stability
Challenge: Developing a modern economy

5. Lack of political stability
military leaders/rule
one-party rule
Parliamentary Democracy
autocratic
trying to build national unity through education – Pan-Africanism
today democratization
Democracy by consensus possibly

6. Developing a modern economy:
socialism to ensure equality and development (government controls the economy to meet basic needs)
Develop industry and agriculture - diversity
today mixed economy (government control and Some privatization
government focus on cash crops to build factories and produce goods for African use

7. Give EXAMPLES how the following have contributed to cultural change:
2. African nations have experienced rapid cultural change in recent years.
Give EXAMPLES how the following have contributed to cultural change:
a) urbanization
b) education
c) economic development
d) population explosion
e) westernization
ALL CAUSES OF CULTURAL CHANGE

8. Urbanization weaken traditional cultures/family (nuclear family)
bond of lineage/kinship weakened, less attached to ancestor land
less arranged marriages for urban educated
created new elite (top jobs, wealth, education)
spurred westernization
greater freedoms/choices
new activities (sports, malls, clubs)
women’s rights/workforce

9. Education: increased literacy
gave people new job skills – build a diverse economy
Increased wages
encouraged national unity
women’s rights
right to own and inherit property
bride prices (wealth) outlawed
Women have taken jobs as clerks, sales people, bankers, service industry and high-level government workers
More choices
Study abroad = brain drain

10. Economic development:
changed way some people earn a living
created new kinds of jobs - retail, social services, hospitality, government, manufacturing, infrastructure jobs
Urbanization
Women in the work force
New ways for traditional work:
new farming methods, refrigeration, motorized boats (fishing), factories, mining, meat packing (get herders to sell more cattle)

11. Population explosion:
family planning programs
changing ideas about family size
Urban less children
contributed to urbanization = leave rural areas lack of opportunity
Contributed to strains on the government programs (health, education)
Large percent of people under 25 years old
disease

12. Westernization: brought new technology new goods
new goals to people in traditional African cultures
new values = wealth, education, choice
glorifies the individual and material goods not group loyalty –weakened traditions
Independent Churches: blend Christian and indigenous African beliefs
Islamic revival as response in some regions
women’s choice/education/rights

13. To Study Chapter 5
Section 1: African Nationalism and New Nations, Pan-Africanism, Colonial Legacy
Activity: Nationalism and Independence (handout)
Section 2: Types of governments: parliamentary system, one-party rule, military rule, socialism, mixed economies, political and economic challenges, meeting challenges
Activity: African Steps Towards Development; A Case Study: Nigeria and Zimbabwe
Section 3: Cultural change: family, women, rural patterns, effects of urbanization, education, economic development, population explosion, westernization
Activity: Cooperative Learning – African Changing Patterns of Life

14. Vocab Julius Nyerere Joseph Mobutu Patrice Lumumba Kwame Nkrumah
Pan-Africanism
Negritude Movement
Atlantic Charter
Organization of African Unity (AU)
Mau Mau
autocratic
democratization
Parliamentary system
socialism
Julius Nyerere
Joseph Mobutu
Patrice Lumumba
Kwame Nkrumah
Jomo Kenyatta
Robert Mugabe

15. A political challenge facing most Africans after independence was
Building national unity
Tribalism (strong tribal ties)
Economic differences
Conflict
Debt

16. In Africa, major result of World War II was
Increased nationalism
1950’s and 1960’s: achievement of political independence