1. RENEWABLE AND NONRENEWABLE
ENERGY RESOURCES
RENEWABLE
AND
NONRENEWABLE

2. Standard 6.2
6.2 The student will investigate and understand basic sources of energy, their origins, transformations, and uses. Key concepts include
a) potential and kinetic energy;
b) the role of the sun in the formation of most energy sources on Earth;
c) nonrenewable energy sources;
d) renewable energy sources; and
e) energy transformations.

3. What you should know and understand
compare and contrast potential and kinetic energy through common examples found in the natural environment.
analyze and describe the transformations of energy involved with the formation and burning of coal and other fossil fuels.
compare and contrast renewable (solar, wind, water [hydropower, tidal and waves], biofuels, geothermal, and biomass) and nonrenewable energy sources (coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear power).

4. What you should know and understand
explain that hydrogen is not an energy source, but a means of storing and transporting energy.
design an application of the use of solar and wind energy.
chart and analyze the energy a person uses during a 24-hour period and determine the sources.
compare and contrast energy sources in terms of their origins, how they are utilized, and their availability.
analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using various energy sources and their impact on climate and the environment.

5. What you should know and learn
analyze and describe how the United States’ energy use has changed over time.
analyze and describe sources of energy used in Virginia related to energy use nationally and globally.
predict the impact of unanticipated energy shortages.
comprehend and apply basic terminology related to energy sources and transformations.
create and interpret a model or diagram of an energy transformation.
design an investigation that demonstrates how light energy (radiant energy) can be being transformed into other forms of energy (mechanical, chemical and electrical).

6. Interactive Notes Read and color code SOL 6.2 pages 1-5.
When finished we go straight to the SOL Coach and complete Lessons 9 and 10.

7. Energy
Defined: The ability to do work and cause change. Look at the roller coaster.

8. Potential and Kinetic Energy
Where does the coaster have the most Kinetic Energy? Potential Energy?
At what point(s) is it transforming from one form to the other

9. Comparison Give examples of each from nature
Potential
Kinetic

10. FOSSIL FUELS
Fuel: any substance that provides a form of energy such as heat, light, electricity, or motion as the result of a chemical change.
Combustion: fuels that contain chemical potential energy will release this energy when burned. This process of a fuel burning in the presence of oxygen is called combustion.

11. Fuels and Electricity To produce electricity from fuels:
Combustion of the fuel creates heat. The heat is used to boil water. The steam from the water build up pressure and is used to turn large turbines. The turning turbines, turn generators that produce electricity. The electricity is then sent out over wires to homes and businesses.

12. Fossil fuels
Fossil fuels are the energy rich substances formed from the remains of once living organisms.
The three major fossil fuels are
Coal
Oil
Natural gas

13. COAL Coal is a solid fossil fuel formed from the remains of plants.
Coal provides 23% of our energy today.
It took millions of years of heat and pressure to form the coal seams we mine today.
Coal is our most plentiful fossil fuel in this country.

14. PETROLEUM “OIL” Crude oil is a thick black liquid fossil fuel.
It is formed from the remains of small animals, algae, and protists that lived in oceans and inland seas hundreds of millions of years ago.
Petroleum or crude oil accounts for more than one third of the energy produced in the world.

15. Oil and the US
The U.S. consumes about one third of the oil produced in the world.
Crude oil is refined using a fractionating tower.
Oil provides: gasoline, motor oil, asphalt, heating oil, plastics, synthetic fibers, diesel fuel, kerosene, lamp oil, grease, waxes, jet fuel, and is used to manufacture many other products.

16. Supply and Demand
Fossil fuels take hundreds of millions of years to form.
We are using them up at a very fast rate.
They are NONRENEWABLE
As the supply becomes lower, the demand remains high. The cost of these types of fuels will continue to rise as the demand continues to rise as well.

17. RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable energy resources are those that are available in large supply and can be made within a short amount of time.
The renewable energy resources are:
Wind Hydrogen
Solar
Geothermal
Biomass
Hydroelectric and

18. SOLAR ENERGY
The sun is the ultimate source of energy for Earth. Without the sun our planet could not maintain enough heat to maintain any life and without the sun’s light energy plant life could not exist either.
Solar energy is non polluting and is available each and every day. Cloudy days provide energy from the sun also.

19. Solar Energy
Solar energy is captured using large mirrors or solar panels. This energy is converted into heat to heat water or electricity for use in homes.
Solar energy must be stored in batteries during the night time for use when the sun does not shine.

20. WIND The wind is created by unequal heating of the earth’s surface.
In some places the wind blows almost constantly.
Wind mills and turbines can be used to turn turbines and generate electricity.
Wind farms are becoming more and more common.
Wind energy is non polluting except for some noise.

21. Hydroelectric power
Water flowing through gates in Dams provide the force to turn turbines and generate electricity.
Water is a renewable resource through the water cycle.
Only available where reservoirs and large rivers are available.

22. Geothermal Energy Geo means earth, thermal means heat.
Geothermal is heat from deep within the earth.
Water is pumped down through pipes to a depth where the internal heat of the earth can heat the water. The heated water is returned to the surface to heat homes and businesses.

23. Geothermal Energy Geothermal energy is not available in all areas.
In the western states where there are geysers and hot springs Geothermal is most affective.
It does cause some pollution due to the gases that arise from within the earth.

24. Biomass
Biomass: are fuels made from plants and trash that was once alive.
Wood, leaves, paper, food wastes are examples of biomass.
Corn, sugar cane, and other crops can be used to make ethanol that can be used to fuel automobiles and for other applications.

25. Hydrogen Power
Hydrogen fuel cell technology uses a fuel cell that converts hydrogen and oxygen in the air into water. The energy produced in this chemical reaction is clean and renewable.
The opposite reaction can also be used.
Two problems: hydrogen is explosive and it would take a large tank of water to make enough energy to power a car for very long.

26. Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier
Energy carriers move energy in a useable form from one place to another.
Electricity is an energy carrier as it takes one form, Coal or nuclear energy sources to make Electricity.
Hydrogen is also an energy carrier it takes another fuel, water, coal or biomass to make it as a byproduct.

27. Tidal Power
Tidal power uses the power of changing tides to produce electricity.
It is renewable and free once the production facility is built.
Two disadvantages of Tidal power are: Some areas do not have high enough tides to produce enough energy.
There has to be a backup system during low tides.

28. Nuclear Power
Nuclear energy uses the energy locked inside the nucleus of the atom to produce energy for electricity.
Uranium is a radioactive substance in the ground. When a neutron hits a uranium 235 nucleus the nucleus splits apart into two smaller nuclei. This starts chain reaction.

29. Nuclear Reactions
A nuclear chain reaction uncontrolled is a nuclear bomb and disaster.
A nuclear chain reaction controlled is a clean renewable source of energy.
Two types of nuclear reactions: fission and fusion.
Fission is the splitting of a nucleus
Fusion is the joining together of a nucleus.

30. Supply and Demand
Renewable energy resources are also going to cost more.
Low supplies and availability may make many of these sources cost more.
As oil and gasoline prices rise these renewable fuels will become more and more important.
Do we grow corn for Fuel or Food???????

31. Conserving Energy Turn off lights when not in the room
Use efficient appliances
Increase insulation in homes.
Limit driving and gasoline consumption
Keep the house cooler in winter and warmer in summer.
Use natural lighting
Car pool
Recycle materials
Ride or walk for short trips.

32. Compare and Contrast
Use the energy source rating sheet to compare and contrast Energy sources. Fill in the chart. List them by most advantageous to least.

33. Graph and Map
Use the data table to make a graph of the data. Use the totals.
Use the data to color the map showing all of the energy resources used and the amount in the northern hemisphere.