1. Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others
Beebe/Beebe/Redmond
Presentation Prepared by: Jill Harms, Iowa State University
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2. Chapter 9: Understanding Interpersonal Relationships
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3. Objectives
Define interpersonal relationships and identify two ways to distinguish among them.
Identify and differentiate between short-term initial attraction and long-term maintenance attraction.
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4. Objectives (Continued)
Identify and describe the stages of relational escalation and de-escalation.
Describe the main components of the three theories that explain relational development.
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5. You can hardly make a friend in a year, but you can lose one in an hour.
Chinese Proverb
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6. Interpersonal Relationships Defined
Shared perception
Ongoing interdependent connection
Relational expectations
Interpersonal intimacy
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7. Interpersonal Relationships Defined
Interpersonal relationship (continued)
Circumstance or choice
Power
Complementary relationships
Competitive relationships
Competitive and submissive symmetrical relationships
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8. Interpersonal Relationships Defined (Continued)
Figure 9.1 Continuum of Interpersonal Intimacy and Friendship
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9. Genesis of Interpersonal Relationships: Attraction
Interpersonal attraction
Short-term initial attraction
Long-term maintenance attraction
Predicted outcome value (POV)
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10. Genesis of Interpersonal Relationships: Attraction (Continued)
Sources of initial attraction
Proximity
Physical appearance
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11. Genesis of Interpersonal Relationships: Attraction (Continued)
Sources of both initial and long-term attraction
Competence
Self-Disclosure
Reciprocation of liking
Similarities
Differences and complementary needs
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12. Stages of Interpersonal Relationship Development
Relational escalation
Preinteraction awareness
Acquaintance
Introductions
Casual banter
Exploration
Intensification
Intimacy
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13. Stages of Interpersonal Relationship Development (Continued)
Relational de-escalation
Post-intimacy relationship
Turmoil or stagnation
Deintensification
Individualization
Separation
Post-separation effects
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14. Model of Relational Development
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15. Principles Underlying Relational Stages
You can choose to remain in a given relational stage
Speed of progressing through the stages varies
Changes in relationships are signaled
Turning points
Casual turning point
Reflective turning point
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16. Principles Underlying Relational Stages (Continued)
Change occurs within each stage
Change occurs between stages
Movement through the stages can be forward or backward
Relational development involves negotiating change
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17. Theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development
Filtering
Social exchange theory
Immediate rewards and costs
Forecasted rewards and costs
Cumulative rewards and costs
Expected rewards and costs
Comparison to alternatives
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18. Theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development (Continued)
Relational Dialectics Theory
Identifying dialectical tensions
Connectedness versus autonomy
Predictability versus novelty (certainty versus uncertainty)
Openness versus closedness
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19. Theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development (Continued)
Dialectical theory (continued)
Using dialectical tensions to explain relational movement
Coping with dialectical tensions
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20. Theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development (Continued)
Social penetration theory
Breadth
Depth
Enhancing intimacy by self-disclosing over time
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21. Theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development (Continued)
Social penetration theory (continued)
Characteristics of self-disclosure
Self-disclosure usually occurs in small increments
Communication privacy management theory
Self-disclosure moves from less personal to more personal information
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22. Theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development (Continued)
Social penetration theory (continued)
Characteristics of self-disclosure
Self-disclosure is reciprocal
Dyadic effect
Self-disclosure involves risk and requires trust
Warranting
Self-disclosure reflects perceptions about the nature of your relationships
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23. Social Penetration Model
Insert Figure 9.4
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24. Self-Disclosure as a Dance
Enhancing your moves
Be other-oriented
Monitor nonverbal cues
Adapt to other’s moves
Promoting your partner’s moves
Be trustworthy
Provide social support and confirming responses
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25. End Show
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