1. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY & BODY SYSTEMS
HB 1
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY & BODY SYSTEMS

2. Test scores indicate that students who learn a foreign language have a much stronger grasp of English language skills. Tests also indicate that studying a foreign language sharpens the mind.
Classical languages may prove the most profitable foreign languages for a student to learn.
Consider LATIN. Everywhere we turn, we read English words which originally came from Latin words.
Over 60% of English words have Latin roots. There is so much Latin in English that learning Latin will help you to better understand English.

3. GREEK is also useful. While legal vocabulary is all Latin, most medical and scientific words come from Greek.
Knowing Greek will give the student a head-start on the terminology of these professions.
A large part of the study of these professions is the terminology.
Why learn Classical Languages? For centuries, classical languages have been recognized as an essential part of a good education. The primary benefits are the mental discipline and the usefulness for all other studies

4. Look for Relationships between new words and words that you already know
SUICIDE  Fungicide  Herbicide  Genocide  Algacide
Laryngitis Appendicitis  Arthritis  Arthropod  Pseudopod  Pseudonym  Cardiologist  Podiatrist
Erythrocyte Leukocyte  Leukemia  Anemia 
Cytology  Hematology  Hemophilia  Hemolysis

5. ANY IDEAS ???
HEPATITIS
HEPATIC VEIN

6. PATHOLOGIST PATHOGENIC (Hint GENerate) PSYCHOPATH ? Need the Answer?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Need the Answer?
PATHOLOGIST

7. Try These Words Out For Relationship
PTERODACTYL
PHYTOPLANKTON
PTERIDOPHYTE
ASYMMETRICAL
HAIRCUT
APTERYGOTA

8. Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis
Try This!!
Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis
[noo-muh-noh-uhl-truh-mahy-kruh-skop-ik-sil-i-koh-vol-key-noh-koh-nee-oh-sis,]

9. A respiratory disorder caused by microscopic volcanic silicone dust
Breakdown
Pneumono
lungs
Ultramicroscopic
Really small
Silico
Silicon
Volcano
Coniosis
Condition
A respiratory disorder caused by microscopic volcanic silicone dust

10. Other BIG WORDS!!! otorhinolaryngological - 22 letters
immunoelectrophoretically - 25 letters
radioimmunoelectrophoresis - 26 letters
psychoneuroendocrinological - 27 letters
hepaticocholangiogastrostomy - 28 letters
pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism - 30 letters

11. otorhinolaryngological - 22 letters

12. immunoelectrophoretically - 25 letters

13. radioimmunoelectrophoresis - 26 letters

14. psychoneuroendocrinological - 27 letters

15. hepaticocholangiogastrostomy - 28 letters

16. pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism - 30 letters

17. Anatomical Planes and
Directional Terms

18. All right class…first things first!
cephalic
Pos
Anterio
caudal

19. Principle of Complementarity
Function always reflects structure
What a structure can do depends on its specific form

20. Levels of Structural Organization
Smooth muscle cell
Molecules
Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules 2
Atoms 1
Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules
Smooth muscle tissue
Heart 3
Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells
Cardiovascular system
Blood vessels
Epithelial tissue
Smooth muscle tissue
Blood vessel (organ) 6
Organismal level The human organism is made up of many organ systems
Connective tissue 4
Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues 5
Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely
Figure 1.1

21. Body Planes:
Definition = imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections

22. Directional Terms
Table 1.1

23. Directional Terms
Table 1.1

24. Body Planes Sagittal – divides the body into right and left parts
Midsagittal or medial – sagittal plane that lies on the midline
Frontal or coronal – divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse or horizontal (cross section) – divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Oblique section – cuts made diagonally

25. Body Planes
Figure 1.8

26. Sagittal (Medial) Plane
Divides body into equal right & left halves.

27. Frontal (Coronal) Plane
Divides body into front & back portions.

28. Divides body into upper & lower portions.
Transverse Plane
Divides body into upper & lower portions.

29. Superior Inferior (cephalic) (caudal) Towards the feet
Towards the head
Inferior
(caudal)

30. Transverse Plane:
Horizontal plane dividing the body into a top and bottom half
1. Superior = body parts above other parts
2. Inferior = body parts below other parts

31. 3. Cranial = body parts near the head
4. Caudal = body parts located near the sacral region of the spinal column (or near the tail bone)

32. Moving towards the midline of the body
Medial
Moving towards the midline of the body

33. Moving towards the side of the body
Lateral
Moving towards the side of the body

34. Median Plane: Divides the body into right and left sides
1. Medial = body parts located near the middle or midline of the body
2. Lateral = body parts located away from the midline or middle of the body

35. Anterior (Ventral)
Front part of body
anterior

36. Posterior (Dorsal)
posterior
Back part of the body

37. Frontal Plane: Divides the body into front and back section.
1. Anterior = body parts on the front of the body
2. Posterior = body parts on the back of the body

38. Proximal = body parts close to the point of reference
Distal = body parts away from the point of reference

39. Body Cavities:
Spaces within the body which contain vital organs

40. Body Cavities
Figure 1.9a

41. Body Cavities
Figure 1.9b

42. Body Cavities
Dorsal cavity protects the nervous system, and is divided into two subdivisions
Cranial cavity is within the skull and encases the brain
Vertebral cavity runs within the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord
Ventral cavity houses the internal organs (viscera), and is divided into two subdivisions: - Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities

43. Body Cavities
Thoracic cavity is subdivided into pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity
Pleural cavities – each houses a lung
Mediastinum – contains the pericardial cavity, and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs
Pericardial cavity – encloses the heart

44. Body Cavities
The abdominopelvic cavity is separated from the superior thoracic cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm
It is composed of two subdivisions
Abdominal cavity – contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs
Pelvic cavity – lies within the pelvis and contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

45. Other Body Cavities
Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of the digestive organs
Nasal –located within and posterior to the nose
Orbital – house the eyes
Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations
Synovial – joint cavities