1. Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved
Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

2. and lw
Hi Chami am From your t/th class I cant find the folder that has the assignments send me the link so that I can printed.

3. Discussion questions Indicate weather each statement is true or false.
Once damaged, brain cells do not regenerate.
As the number of bystanders at an emergency increases the times it takes for the victim to get help decreases.
Eyewitness testimony is often unreliable.
Few students will have a psychologist acquaintance. Most students learn about psychology from the media: Movies, TV shows, and the news. Until the last decade, media portrayals of psychologists have been wildly inaccurate and even derogatory

4. Chapter Preview Psychologists Definition & Approaches Psychiatrists
History
Careers

5. Questions
How can humans commit genocide or torture other humans? And how come we know those things are horrible?
Do we have FREE WEILL, or are we driven by our ENVIORNMENT, BIOLOGY, and NONCONSCIOUS INFLUENCES?
What is mental illness and what can we do about it?

6. History of Psychology Western Philosophy
The first paradigm of Psychology is
structuralism.
Wilhelm Wundt ( )
1879 – established 1st psychology lab
-structures of the psychological experience
-first to draw distinction between sensation and preception
introspection
systematic, detailed self-report
The process of "looking inward" and examining one's self and one's own actions in order to gain insight. This was a central component to the early days of psychology during the Structuralist period. Wundt and other psychologists had people introspect and then report on their feelings, thoughts, etc. Of course, the problem with introspection is, if you are having some feeling and then you have to stop to think about and report on the feeling, you've just changed the experience and therefore, the feeling itself. Read more:

7. History of Psychology Edward Bradford Titchner (1867-1927)
Established 1st psychological lab at Cornell university.
Structuralism
---William James
The second paradigm of psychology is Functionalism of mental processes.
James was more interested in knowing how the mind functions rather than the structure of it. the difference between stopping a train to tear it apart to study its parts (structuralism), and looking at how the systems interact while it is running (functionalism

8. Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental process
Systematic methods
What can be directly observed
Thoughts, feelings, motives
Note: Instructors should note the goals of psychology – to describe, predict, and explain behavior. Those goals can easily be tied to the research methods discussed in Chapter 2 for added emphasis.

9. Goals of psychology
Describe
Predict
Explain
Change

10. Contemporary Approaches
Biological
Behavioral
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Cognitive
Note: It is important to stress early and often that these approaches are complementary, not contradictory… that they really represent different levels of analysis.
Evolutionary
Sociocultural

11. Biological Approach Neuroscience nervous system structure function
development
genetics
Biochemistry
Explanation of student performance:
Emotional arousal due to neurotransmitter dopamine prevented the student from preforming well.

12. Behavioral Approach
All behavior is determined through the environment. *(looks at external observable events only)
Reject Explanations Referencing Thought
Notable Behaviorists
Ivan Pavlov
B.F. Skinner (healthy child)
The student has not been reinforced for getting good grades in the past.
Note: Text does not happen to mention Pavlov. Many instructors will wish to mention Pavlov anyhow. If the instructor does not wish to mention Pavlov at this point, it may be deleted.

13. Psychodynamic Approach
Freud
Psychoanalysis
unconscious thought
conflict between biological drives and demands of society
early childhood family experiences.
“an unresolved early childhood trauma is distracting the student.
Instructors might elect to modify some of the content of this slide to fit their personal approach to discussing Freud

14. Humanistic Approach Positive Human Qualities/Potential Free Will
Notable Humanistic Theorists
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow (hierarchy of needs)
“studying for exams does not fit into his
Definition of a meaningful life”
Humanistic psychologists believe that an individual's behavior is connected to his inner feelings and self-image. The humanistic perspective centers on the view that each person is unique and individual, and has the free will to change at any time in his or her lives.
The humanistic perspective suggests that we are each responsible for our own happiness and well-being as humans. We have the innate (i.e. inborn) capacity for self-actualization, which is our unique desire to achieve our highest potential as people.

15. Cognitive Approach “Latin word: I understand”
Behavior is explained in terms of how the mind operates and process information.
Information Processing
how humans interpret incoming info, weigh it, store it, and apply it
“student does not use effective learning strategies”

16. Evolutionary perspective
Evolutionary psychology assumes that  human behavior is  being shaped or determined, by processes of natural selection to optimize individuals own chances for survival. we behave as we do because we are designed to optimize the chances of our surviving long enough to replicate our genetic material.
“student believes that studying is not important because potential mates are more interested in his physical appearance than they are in his grades.

17. Sociocultural approach
Your background and cultural experiences affect behavior and mental processing.
“The student does not want to be perceived as a “nerd” so he studies just enough to avoid failing.

18. Careers in Psychology Practice / Applied Research Teaching
Of course, in reality, many career psychologists straddle these categories

19. Areas of Specialization
Health Psychology
Physiological Psych / Behavioral Neuroscience
Clinical & Counseling Psychology
Sensation and Perception
Industrial / Organizational Psychology
Areas Of
Specialization
Learning
Social Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Activity/Demonstration: It might be helpful to invite a few colleagues or a professional into your class to discuss their area of specialization and/or career.
Note: Instructors might either delete and/or elaborate on these areas of specialization
Personality Psychology
Developmental Psychology
Psychology of Women and Gender
Motivation & Emotion

20. Psychologists v.s psychiatrist
Education
Training
Salaries
Methods of Treatment
Prescriptions

21. Chapter Review
Discuss the roots and early scientific foundations of psychology.
Summarize the main themes of the seven approaches to psychology.
Identify areas of specialization and careers in psychology.
Psychologists vs. Psychiatrists