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Carbon-based compounds

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Presentation on theme: "Carbon-based compounds"— Presentation transcript:

1 Carbon-based compounds
Build a molecule of ethane, ethene and ethyne. Build a molecule of butane and then build an isomer of butane (isobutane). Polymers Carbon-based compounds

2 Polymers Carbon-based compounds INFER:
How does JELLO (a carbon-based compound) become a solid? How does your body produce hair, muscle and skin? How can they make a solid plastic out of liquid petroleum, or rubber out of liquid sap?

3 MOLECULES OF LIFE We are all CBLF’s (carbon-based life forms)
CARBON CAN FORM AN INCREDIBLE VARIETY OF MOLECULES!!!

4 BASIC STRUCTURAL FEATURES:
A. MULTIPLE BONDS SINGLE BONDS: -ane DOUBLE BONDS: - ene TRIPLE BONDS: -yne

5 B. STRAIGHT OR BRANCHED CHAINS
C. ISOMERS

6 D. RINGS - Aromatics Each corner represents a carbon atom.
Ring size can vary from three to eight.

7 POLYMERS Polyethylene
Carbon atoms can bond to one another in chains to form a variety of structures, including fossil fuels such as coal, synthetic polymers such as plastics, and the large molecules of life, such as proteins and lipids. Lipid Molecular structure of Coal

8 All of this allows Carbon to create: GIANT MOLECULES called POLYMERS
100’s to 1000’s of smaller molecules joined together. Polymers ARE CHAINS OF Monomers joined together.

9 polymer All of this allows Carbon to create:
GIANT MOLECULES called POLYMERS 100’s to 1000’s of smaller molecules joined together. Polymers ARE CHAINS OF Monomers joined together. monomer polymer

10 POLYMERS (the whole train) are made out of MONOMERS (individual cars of the train) joined together.

11 POLYMERS (Macromolecules)

12 Carbon Polymers - Journal
Define “polymer”. Define “monomer”. Name the 3 main types of polymers and give an example of each Draw the structural formula for the monomer “ethylene” and part of the structural formula for the polymer “polyethylene” Define polymerization What is a “Catalyst”? (use your resources)

13 Polymers Polymerization: When carbon molecules combine into long chains. HOW: This happens when a carbon to carbon double bond in a monomer is broken and new single bonds are formed creating a polymer.                                                                                                                                                             

14 Polymers Polymerization of polypropylene (propene).

15 Polymers Polymerization: (of polyethylene)

16 Polymers Polymerization: (of nylon)

17 Polymers Living organisms form biopolymers such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids through polymerization.

18 POLYMERS FOUR TYPES OF ORGANIC POLYMERS:
CARBOHYDRATES – glucose, bread, pasta CARBO(C) – HYDRATE(H2O) PROTEINS – muscle, meat, hair, nails LIPIDS – fat, oil, butter NUCLEIC ACIDS – DNA, RNA >ALL CONTAIN C, H, AND O >C—C BONDS  ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

19 Polymers: Proteins Polymerization of a protein: putting simple monomers together.

20 Polymers: Proteins Polymerization of a protein: putting simple monomers together. Where will the monomers JOIN TOGETHER? monomer monomer monomer monomer

21 Polymers: Proteins Polymerization of a protein: putting simple monomers together. Where will the monomers JOIN TOGETHER? monomer monomer monomer monomer

22 Polymers: Proteins Polymerization of a protein: putting simple monomers together. Water drops out to allow the bonds to form.

23 Polymers: Proteins Polymerization of a protein: putting simple monomers together.

24 Polymers NOT ALL REACTIONS CAN GO BY THEMSELVES.
Catalyst: A chemical substance that STARTS or INCREASES the rate of a reaction without being used in the polymer.

25 Polymers Catalyst: A chemical substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed.

26 Carbon Polymers - Review
Carbon atoms bonded to one another in chains 3 TYPES: fossil fuels, synthetic polymers, and biopolymers Formed through a process called polymerization Catalyst: STARTS or INCREASES the rate of the reaction without being used up

27 Carbon Polymers - Journal
Come in Have a seat Silently read the article from the back

28 Carbon Polymers - Journal
Write down the name, and some of the properties of the plastic on your desk. Quick draw an image of both the monomer and polymer of ethylene. Re-Read the Polymer Lab Sheet from the back of the room. Choose which test (tensile, abrasion, puncture) that you would want to run, and begin filling out the back of the sheet.

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