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CARBOHYDRATES.

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Presentation on theme: "CARBOHYDRATES."— Presentation transcript:

1 CARBOHYDRATES

2 Characteristics of Carbohydrates
Consist of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen Ratio of H and O is 2 to 1 (Just like water!!) Energy containing molecules Some provide structure Basic building block (monomer) is a monosaccharide (CH2O)n ; n = 3,5,6 Two monosaccharides form a disaccharide Multiple monomers form polysaccharides (polymers)

3 Different Forms of Glucose

4 Three Monosaccharides
C6H12O6

5 Monos. and Isomerism Glucose is a main source of NRG for cells.
Fructose is found in fruits and is sweetest. Galactose is found in milk. All have same formula but different structures…they are ISOMERS!

6 Disaccharides Simply two monosaccharides combined through a condensation reaction. Dehydration Synthesis- releasing water in order for two monos. to join together. Sucrose is the most common example. Made of fructose + glucose

7 Dehydration Synthesis of a Disaccharide
copyright cmassengale

8 Formation of Disaccharides

9 Hydrolysis of a Disaccharide
Hydrolysis is the process of ADDING a water molecule in order to break up a disaccharide. The result is two monomer units!

10 Important Polysaccharides: Starch
Consists of glucose subunits Plant energy storage molecule Glycogen is a very similar molecule in animals. Starch and glycogen can be digested by animals.

11 Important Polysaccharides: Cellulose
Composed of glucose subunits Different bond formed than starch Structural component in plants Cannot be digested by animals

12 Important Polysaccharides: Chitin
Glucose subunits Partly derived from non-sugars (nitrogen) Composes exoskeletons of insects Note similarity to cellulose.


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