1. Urbanization and Immigration
Chapter 25

2. Essential Questions?
How did immigration and industrialization shape urban life?
How did the rapid industrialization of the Gilded Age create economic, social, and political change in the US?

3. Urban Frontier
NY, Chicago, and Philadelphia become cities of 1 million people by 1890
Skyscrapers, elevators, electric trolleys, electricity, plumbing, and telephones allow cities to expand upward and outward.
De jure (by law) and de facto (by common occurrence) segregation creates ethnic neighborhoods in large cities.

5. Urbanization Brooklyn Bridge an engineering marvel of the day
Department stores and mail order catalogs become influential in urban and rural life
Problems: waste disposal, crime, impure water, animal poo, urban slums, disease infestation, overcrowding, dumbbell tenements

6. Dumbbell Tenements

7. Waste Disposal

8. Old vs. New Old Immigrants: German, British, Irish
Primary immigrants before Civil War
New Immigrants: Italian, Croats, Slovaks, Greeks, Poles, Chinese
Primary immigrants after Civil War
No history of democracy
Different language, religious beliefs, customs
Many feared new couldn’t assimilate

9. Why’d They Come? Overcrowding in Europe Unemployment
“Land of Opportunity”
Industrialists welcomed and encouraged. Why?

10. Polish Immigrants

11. Italian Immigrants

12. Reactions to New Immigrants
Political machines used them for their benefit
Settlement Houses: benevolent Americans established these to ease transition.
Jane Addams creates Hull House in Chicago
Women take a leading role in helping these new Americans
Immigrant women enter the work force, mostly as textile workers

13. Reactions to New Immigrants
Nativism rears its ugly head
Fear that immigrants would ruin tradition, mongrelize
Fear of socialism, communism, and anarchism
American Protective Association- anti immigrant
Industrialists knew that immigrants were less likely to unionize. Why?

14. Laws Against Immigration
1882: Chinese Exclusion Act: bans all Chinese immigration
1882: extremely poor, criminals, and convicts banned
1885: no foreign workers under contract
1917: literacy tests
Despite these obstacles immigrants poured into US

15. Statue of Liberty Gift from France Give me your tired, your poor
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.

16. Darwin v. God Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species Clergy rejected
Evolution, natural selection, survival of the fittest
By 1875, most scientist agreed
Clergy rejected
Word of God Infallible
Many began to combine Darwin with religious thought
Creative Design

17. Charles Darwin

18. Learnin’ and Such
Tax-supported elementary schools are compulsory during this era.
High schools and textbooks from tax dollars are on the rise
“Normal schools” = teacher schools increase
Private Catholic schools
Cities offered better educational opportunities than the country

19. Different Responses to Segregation
Booker T. Washington
Born a slave
Built the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
Taught AA trades such as agriculture to help them achieve economic independence
Often avoided the issue of social and political equality
1st: make AA economically healthy
2nd: Reach for political and civil rights

20. Different Responses to Segregation
Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois
From a upper middle class AA family
1st AA to graduate from Harvard
Demanded immediately inclusion of AA in the social, economic, and political aspects of US.
Founder of the NAACP, editor of The Crisis
Called Booker T. Washington an “Uncle Tom”
Late in life he denounced US citizenship

21. Why Were They so Different?
Booker T. Washington
Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois

22. Mr. Peanut George Washington Carver
Professor of agriculture at Tuskegee
World renounced chemist
Discovered hundreds of uses for peanuts
Helped revitalize southern farming

23. College Education Colleges increase after Civil War
More women and minorities attend segregated and all-girls schools
Morrill Act: 1862, gave federal land to states for military and agricultural schools (Land-grant schools)

24. Other Schools Religious colleges flourished: Wake Forest
New Industrialization demanded vocational training
Medical schools became legitimate and increased: Duke

25. What Cha’ Readin’ Library of Congress builds a 13 acre building
Public Libraries expand across the nation
Andrew Carnegie donates millions to libraries
Newspaper circulation increases
Sensationalism sells papers: sex, scandals, snooping
Know: William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer: prominent editors of this era
Yellow Journalism: down playing legitimate news in favor of sensational stories

26. Activote 1. Who was a prominent immigration reformer? A. Ida B. Wells
B. Carrie Nation
C. Susan B. Anthony
D. Jane Addams
E. Joseph Pulitzer

27. Activote 2. Which group is considered “new immigrants”? A. Slovaks
B. Swedish
C. British
D. Germans
E. irish

28. Activote 3. Who was called an “accomodationist” by rivals?
A. WEB DuBois
B. Booker Washington
C. Barack Obama
D. George W. Carver
E. Marcus Garvey

29. Activote 4. What law created “land-grant” colleges? A. Homestead Act
B. Interstate Commerce Act
C. Sherman Anti-Trust Act
D. Land-Grant Act
E. Morrill Act

30. Activote 5. Who used yellow journalism to their advantage?
A. Booker Washington
B. William McKinley
C. Andrew Carnegie
D. William R. Hearst
E. Terrence Hearst