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Major Issues Federal vs. state authority Tariffs/sectionalism

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Presentation on theme: "Major Issues Federal vs. state authority Tariffs/sectionalism"— Presentation transcript:

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2 Major Issues Federal vs. state authority Tariffs/sectionalism
State banking vs. national Westward expansion Institution of slavery

3 The North’s Advantages
larger population/army more industry (86% factories) far more railroad mileage almost entire navy support of slaves President Lincoln excellent leader

4 Union Leaders Irwin McDowell George McClellan Ulysses S. Grant
David Farragut William T. Sherman Ambrose Burnside Joseph Hooker George Meade

5 The South’s Advantages
better generals defensive war short supply line choose battles east/west rivers familiar with land some allies (Natives, etc.)

6 Confederate Leaders Robert E. Lee “Stonewall” Jackson
P.G.T. Beauregard J.E.B. Stuart John C. Pemberton A.P. Johnston Joseph E. Johnston George Pickett

7 Fort Sumter federal fort in Charleston harbor
Lincoln attempts to resupply fort Confederate firing starts Civil War Anderson forced to surrender after 34 hours of shelling VA, NC, TN, AR join Confederacy after

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9 1st Bull Run (Manassas) first meeting of two armies
Union wanted to control best rail route to Richmond civilians involved Confederates forced Union to retreat hope of quick win gone McDowell out

10 Anaconda Plan Winfield Scott idea naval blockade of Southern ports
advance down/up Mississippi River capture Richmond much criticism blockade spread too thin more direct action needed no coordination of individual campaigns

11 Ironclads response to Union blockade
ramming ships easily sank Union wooden ships ironclad Merrimack later re-named Virginia spies reported back on progress Merrimack Monitor

12 Ironclads Monitor was Union response to Merrimack
unique features like rotating gun turret Hampton Roads battle between the two indecisive Union blockade continued

13 Ironclad Artifacts

14 Shiloh Grant to take control of Mississippi River
Johnston attacked Grant’s camp and started battle Sherman’s arrival helped Grant push back assault heavy casualties Americans shocked

15 Antietam (Sharpsburg)
Seven Days’ Battle success led to Confed assault north single bloodiest day of fighting McClellan lets Lee’s divided army escape – Lincoln fires after Lee’s advance halted no foreign alliances for Confederacy

16 Emancipation Proclamation
issued after Antietam position of strength! freed slaves in rebelling states (not border states) enforcement impossible – no immediate effect escaped slaves crippled South’s ability to wage war war now about slavery?

17 Fredericksburg Plan to cross/bridge Rappahannock River and attack Richmond Lee entrenched around city Burnside could not move Confederates heavy Union losses due to poor strategy Burnside resigned

18 Chancellorsville Hooker’s troops took defensive position around town
Union army nearly cut in half – Lee’s perfect battle? Confederate victory but Jackson accidentally shot by own men Hooker removed

19 Gettysburg Lee unaware Meade’s army camped close
fighting erupted unexpectedly 3-day long battle over after Pickett’s Charge – Lee’s mistake? Union started to believe war could be won! Turning point!

20 Vicksburg 200-foot high cliffs made invasion impossible
Grant began siege Pemberton starved into surrender Union now controlled Mississippi River victory came day after Gettysburg!

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22 Cold Harbor Grant tried to capture Confed. capital, Richmond
7,000 casualties first three hours one of worst Union defeats caused delay in taking Richmond

23 March to the Sea Sherman - “make Georgia howl!” crush South spirit
marched Atlanta to Savannah 60 mile wide path of destruction “total war” against civilian and economic targets

24 Appomattox Courthouse
Lee surrounded by Grant’s army April 2 Richmond taken Lee trapped surrender only option April 9, 1865 Lee accepted Grant’s generous terms Civil War over!

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26 Civil War Legacy most American deaths – 620,000 $20 billion spent
states’ rights issue resolved with White case “the [not ‘these’] United States” federal power increased Republicans gained power slavery ended – 13th Amendment Southern states re-admitted? Punished? industry increased over agriculture civil rights struggle continued…

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