1. Geography and Geology Notes
Five Themes of Geography:
1. Location – The absolute or relative site, or position of something.
2. Place – Refers to the physical and human factors that make one area different from another.
3. Region – An area that has certain shared characteristics that set it apart.
4. Movement – The shifting of people, goods, and ideas from one place to another.
5. Human-Environment Interaction – The ways people interact with their surroundings, such as building a dam.

2. Physical Map– Show the earth’s landforms and bodies of water.
Map – A visual representation of the earth’s surface.
Cartographer – A map maker.
Physical Map– Show the earth’s landforms and bodies of water.

3. Political Map – Show boundaries that divide one political entity from another. (Most Utah Cities are found near rivers or lakes).
Cardinal Directions – The main directions (North, South, East and West).
Compass – Used on a map to show the Cardinal Directions.

4. Equator – The line that marks 0˚ latitude.
Latitude – Imaginary horizontal lines joining points on the Earth's surface that measure distance north or south of the equator.
Equator – The line that marks 0˚ latitude.

5. Hemisphere – Half of a sphere.
Longitude – Imaginary vertical lines joining points on the Earth's surface that measure distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.
Prime Meridian – The line of 0˚ longitude that passes through Greenwich, England.
Hemisphere – Half of a sphere.
Grid – A series of horizontal and vertical lines used to find the coordinates of a point.

6. Symbol – Something on a map that stands for something else.
Key – An area on the map where map symbols are explained, often called the legend.
Symbol – Something on a map that stands for something else.

7. Scale – A place on a map usually part of the
Elevation – The height above a certain point, especially sea level.
Scale – A place on a map usually part of the
legend that compares the size of the model with the size of the
area being represented.

8. Utah’s 2 Drainage Regions
Bonneville Drainage Region and Colorado River Drainage Region.
Bonneville Drainage Region
Colorado River Drainage Region.

9. Utah has 3 Land Regions
Utah’s Land Regions – Colorado Plateau, Rocky Mountain and Great Basin.

10. – 65 Million Years Ago to Present
Utah Geology
Geologic Eras:
Precambrian
– 600 Million Years Ago
- Earliest known geologic era.
Paleozoic
– Million Years Ago
- Shallow Seas
- Trilobites
- Reptiles live in the seas.
Mesozoic
– Million Years Ago
- Dinosaurs
- Sedimentary Rock formed
Cenozoic
– 65 Million Years Ago to Present
- Mammals
- Mountains and plateaus rise
- Glaciers
- Lake Bonneville
- Humans

11. Other Utah Geology Notes
3 Types of Rock:
Sedimentary – Sandstone and Limestone
Igneous – Granite and Basalt
Metamorphic – Quartzite and Slate
Coal – important mineral for Utah’s economy; sold to places as far away as Japan.
Some of Utah’s canyons were formed by glaciers. V=River Canyon, U=Glacial Canyon
Today all of Utah’s volcanoes are extinct.
Salt mining is a billion dollar industry in Utah.
The Great Salt Lake is the largest salt water lake in the western hemisphere and no water flows out of it.

12. Other Utah Geology Notes:
Lake Bonneville covered most of Utah; Great Salt Lake, Utah Lake and Sevier Lake were part of Lake Bonneville.
Fossils are formed by dead plants and animals.
The Utahraptor was discovered in 1992 in Arches National Park.
Trilobites are Utah’s oldest animal fossil.
Utah’s two biggest faults are the Sevier Fault and the Wasatch Fault.
Wind, rain, floods and earthquakes cause natural changes to the land.