1. Chapter 11 Section 2 Imperialism
Objective: Analyze Britain’s rule of Nigeria & compare it with other types of Imperialism
Vocabulary: Paternalism, Assimilation, & Menelik II
New: If you were to buy a business would you be 100% hands on in your business or allow other people to run your business with just a little guidance? Explain your reasoning.
Review: Define Imperialism
What forces accelerated the drive to take over land all over the world?

2. Setting the Stage
Europeans argued & fought among themselves over the lands of Africa
They paid little or no attention to historical political divisions or to the many ethnic & language groupings in Africa
In the minds of most Europeans was the ability to control Africa’s land, its people, & its resources

3. Check for Understanding
In an effort to avoid conflict amongst themselves, what conference did the European hold to divide up Africa?
Sentence Starter: The _______ Conference was the meeting held to divide up Africa.

4. A New Period of Imperialism
Europeans demanded more influence over the economic, political, & social lives of the people they conquered
Each European nation had certain policies & goals for establishing colonies
4 forms of colonial control emerged (colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, & economic imperialism)
Two basic methods of management emerged (indirect & direct)
Do you think Mr Lemle has direct or indirect control over students in the classrooms?

5. Check for Understanding
Do you think Mr. Lemle has direct or indirect control over students in a classroom?
Sentence Starter: Mr. Lemle has ______ control over students in the classroom because _______.

6. Indirect Control Indirect control relied on existing political rulers
British would have local rulers handle most of the daily management of the colony (Indirect Control)
The assumption was that the legislative councils that were set up would train local leaders & would be able to eventually govern themselves
The United States will use this method in the Philippines.
Most European countries started with indirect then moved into direct control

7. Direct Control
Other European powers viewed Africans as unable to handle the complex business of running a country
Paternalism: a policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights (Direct Control)
Assimilation: a policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions & customs
All local schools, courts, & businesses were patterned after French institutions
However, they still recognized African institutions as inferior to French culture
What word sounds like Paternalism?

8. A British Colony: Nigeria
Britain gained control of southern Nigeria through both diplomatic & military means
Some local rulers agreed to treaties while others rebelled against foreign rule
British conquest of northern Nigeria was driven by their desire of the palm oil trade along the Niger River
Nigeria was one of the most culturally diverse areas in Africa
In 1914, the British claimed the entire region as a colony, using the indirect method of management
250 different ethnic groups lived in Nigeria
One region in the north was mostly made up Muslims
Hausa Igbo & Yoruba
The other two regions followed traditional religions & relied on local chiefs for control
Indirect worked in the North but the British used Direct control in the South

9. African Resistance
Africans across the continent resisted European attempts to colonize their lands
However, the contest between African states & European powers was never equal because of Europeans’ superior arms
The unsuccessful resistance attempts included active military & resistance through religious movements
Algeria resisted French rule for 50 years

10. Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance
Ethiopia was the only African nation that successfully resisted the Europeans
Menelik II played the Italians, French, & British against each other
Ethiopia purchased weapons from Russia & France
Italy betrayed Menelik through their contract & he declared war
Ethiopia successfully defeated the Italians & kept their nation independent
Menelik continued to stockpile weapons
He felt betrayed by the wording of the treaty

11. Negative Effects
On the negative side of imperialism, Africans lost control of their land & their independence
Africans suffered from diseases, famine, & a breakdown of their traditional cultures
The most harmful political legacy from colonial rule was the division of the African continent
These boundaries continue to create problems for the nations that evolved from the former colonies

12. Positive Effects
On the positive side, colonialism reduced local warfare
Humanitarian efforts improved sanitation, provided hospitals, & set up schools
Life-spans increased & literacy rates improved
To aid economic growth, railroads, dams, & telephone lines were built in African colonies