1. Chapter 12 The Age of Jackson

2. Let’s Review… Presidents…
George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe

3. Election of 1824 Who ran… Who won…
John Quincy Adams – Democratic-Republican
William Crawford
Henry Clay
Andrew Jackson – Democratic-Republican
Who won…
Jackson won popular votes BUT
Jackson had the most electoral votes, but he didn’t have enough…

4. Corrupt Bargain
Jackson had the most electoral votes and won the popular vote, but because so many people ran, no one candidate had at least half +1 electoral votes. What happens then?
House of Representatives decides election
Election of 1824 Results

5. Corrupt Bargain (conclusion)
Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, influenced the House members, so they voted for Adams
Henry Clay is then appointed as Secretary of State by President Adams…

6. Election of 1824 – 6th President
John Quincy Adams becomes the 6th President of the United States
He was a Democratic- Republican
John Adam’s son
he was disliked by most like his father

7. Election of 1828 Jackson claimed to represent the “common man”
Jackson felt a connection with normal, everyday common people
JQ Adams felt a connection with the wealthy, privileged people
Jackson & Adams were both Democratic-Republicans BUT they represented different groups of people.

8. Split Party Adams’ supporters became known as Republicans
Since Adams and Jackson represented different groups of people, the party split.
Adams’ supporters became known as Republicans
Jackson’s supporters became known as Democrats

9. Election of 1828 – Andrew Jackson
Jackson promised to look out for the interests of the common people.
The idea of spreading political power to all the people and ensuring majority rule became known as Jacksonian democracy.
Jackson began giving jobs to his supporters and friends – he backed the majority

10. Election of 1828
Andrew Jackson won the election of 1828 to become the 7th President
Jackson’s humble background and reputation as a war hero helped make him President.
He was the first President who wasn’t from a rich Mass. or Virginia family.
Thousands of people came to Jackson’s inauguration, this showed Jackson’s popularity.

11. Spoils System
Jackson began his Presidency by replacing many government jobs & officials with his supporters and friends. (ordinary citizens)
The spoils system became known as the practice of giving government jobs to political supporters.

12. Indians in America

13. Indians in America
Since 1600, white settlers had pushed Native Americans westward as they took more and more of their land.
By the 1820s, about 100,000 Native Americans remained east of the Mississippi River.
Andrew Jackson had long supported a policy of moving Native Americans west of the Mississippi River

14. Indian Removal Act
Jackson believed the government had the right to regulate where Native Americans could live.
Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act
This required Native Americans to move west.

15. Map of Indian Removal Act
Mississippi River

16. Indian Territory
As whites invaded Indian homelands, many Native Americans began signing treaties exchanging their land for land in the West.
Worcester v. Georgia – supreme court decision that forced Indians to move west.
Indian Territory – Parts of Oklahoma Native American Indians were forced to move to by Andrew Jackson and the Supreme Court.

17. Map of Indian Removal Act
Indian Territory

18. Trail of Tears
Many Cherokees refused to move West. Jackson made soldiers force Cherokees into camps and made them set out on a long, hard journey to Indian Territory.
¼ of the Indians on the journey died.
Trail of Tears – The journey of Cherokee Indians being forced off their homeland to Indian Territory

19. Trail of Tears

20. Was Jackson right?
People with racial hatred in their hearts in power always think Law and Justice is on their side.
President Andrew Jackson did not have the law on his side when he marched 4,000 Cherokee to their deaths on the Trail of Tears.
 "JOHN MARSHALL HAS MADE HIS LAW NOW LET HIM ENFORCE IT", Andrew Jackson to the Supreme Court when ordered to leave the Cherokee alone.

21. Jackson and the Indians
Andrew Jackson had the greatest impact on the Indians of all Presidents before
and after him

23. Tariffs
Many lands had been acquired by time Andrew Jackson became President.
Tariffs – taxes on imported goods – became an issue
Revenue tariff – used to raise money, like sales tax. These taxes are usually low.
Protective tariff – to persuade people to buy goods in their own country instead of purchasing foreign-made products. These are high taxes that protect American companies.

24. Protective tariff vs. no tariff
$2.50 to produce in Britain
$1.00 profit
$4.90
$3.50 = =
Tariff 40% + +
$3.00 to produce in the U.S.
$1.00 profit
$4.00
$4.00 = = +
Cheaper for products made in the U.S. – encourages people to buy American products

25. Tariffs
Northerners supported high tariffs because the American manufacturers sell their products at a lower price than imported goods.
Factories & manufacturers were in the North
The South did not support high tariffs because its economy depended on foreign trade.
They needed foreign products

26. Tariff of Abominations
Tariff of Abominations – a law passed that raised the tariffs on raw materials and manufactured goods.
Southerners were outraged
They had to sell their cotton at low prices
The state of South Carolina threatened to secede, or leave the Union (United States), because of the Tariff of Abominations.
They were upset – bad for the economy

27. Doctrine of Nullification
John Calhoun did not want S. Carolina to leave the Union so he passed the Doctrine of Nullification -
This said a state had a right to nullify, or reject, a federal law that it considers unconstitutional
Calhoun believed Congress had no right to pass a tariff that helped only 1 section of the country

28. Secession Secession – withdrawal from the Union
South Carolina threatened to withdraw (or leave) the United States of America if the federal government tried to collect the tariffs.
WHY? S. Carolina believed the tariffs were too high.

29. Civil War Avoided?
Jackson– responded to S.C.’s threat by asking Congress for permission to collect the tariff’s by force (using the Army).
Jackson also supported a new bill to lower the tariffs; it was a compromise to end the stalemate with South Carolina.
South Carolina tried to get other states to support its position, but none did; the crisis subsided.
The Civil War almost started in 1833, instead of 1860

30. Second Bank of the U.S.
Founded in 1816, the Second Bank of the U.S. was opposed by Jackson (he called the bank, “The Monster”.) He vetoed a bill set to renew the charter of the bank in 1832, and Congress could not get the needed votes to override it.
Congress wanted the Bank’s Charter to continue, but Jackson despised it; he used the battle to get reelected in 1832 as Jackson was very popular.

31. Interpret this cartoon
Which of the following best
describes the artist’s attitude about
Jackson?
Jackson should be King.
Jackson is a strong leader.
Jackson has vetoed too many bills.
Jackson is behaving more like a king than an elected leader.

32. Election of 1836
Jackson served 2 terms – was very popular
Jackson’s vice-president, Martin Van Buren became the 8th President of the U.S.
A few months after Van Buren took office a panic (fear) about the economy spread.
Panic of a widespread fear about the state of the economy

33. Depression
People took their paper money to the banks and demand gold or silver.
The banks could not pay the people
The banks went bankrupt.
Depression – severe economic slump
Van Buren’s Presidency marked by depression; was not marked with man advances or achievements.

34. President Review George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Martin Van Buren

35. Election of 1840
Henry Clay and Daniel Webster argued that the government needed to help the economy
Van Buren disagreed – would not help
Many Americans blamed Martin Van Buren for the Panic
Clay, Webster, and Jackson opponents formed the Whig Party for the election of 1840

36. Election of 1840
The Whig Party was named after a British Party & they did not support A. Jackson
The Whigs opposed all the power the chief executive (the President) has
The Whigs chose William Henry Harrison for President and John Tyler for Vice President
Harrison was a war hero

37. Harrison dies in office
William Henry Harrison became the 9th President of the United States
Died of pneumonia one month after being inaugurated
John Tyler, Harrison’s Vice President, took Harrison’s place after he died – becoming the 10th President of the United States.

38. Let’s Review… Presidents…
George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Martin Van Buren
William Henry Harrison
John Tyler