1. Marvelous Monday, Aug. 17, 2015 Agenda: Warm-Up –
Summer Work Test
Class Webpage –
FN: The Renaissance
Homework:
Reading Questions 4, 5 & 7
Warm-Up –
Turn in the following if you did not on Friday
Warm-ups
Cave w/ cave questions
maps

2. Terrific Tuesday, Aug. 18, 2015 Agenda: Warm-Up – Warm-up
FN: The Renaissance
Homework:
Critical Reading HO – read
Warm-Up –
Identify and explain two (2) reasons why the renaissance started in Italy.

3. The Italian Renaissance
Ch. 10 – Part 1

4. The Standard Essential Question
Analyze the causes and effects of the Renaissance
Trace the development of the Italian Renaissance and its relationship to Humanism.
Why did the Renaissance begin and how did it begin to change European society and politics?
Essential Question

5. I. Middle Ages Vs. Renaissance
1. Middle Ages (pre – 12th C)
2. The Renaissance - (post 14th C)
fragmented, feudal society
agricultural economy
church-dominated thought, culture
political centralization, nationalist feelings
urban, commercial-capitalist economy
growing lay/secular control of thought & culture

6. Feudalism – a social and political structure
Renaissance Social Structure

7. II. The Renaissance
Renaissance = “Rebirth” of reason, philosophy, etc…
Birth of Humanism
questioned religion and centered thought on humans and their values, capacities, and worth
Secular Movement
Moved away from life in the church
Italian Cities
Urban Societies
Major Trading Centers

8. III. Major Italian Cities
Milan – Sforza Family
One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps.
Venice
Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world.
Florence – De Medici Family
Controlled by the De Medici family Bankers, who became great patrons of the arts.
Genoa
Had Access to Trade Routes
All of these cities:
Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets
Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe
Were initially independent city-states governed as republics
Milan
Venice
Florence
Tyrrhenian Sea
Adriatic Sea
Genoa

9. IV. Why Italy? Trade routes
Revival of Commerce and Town Building was more intense in Italy
Failed to unite as one nation
Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy
Presence of antiquity was stronger in Italy than elsewhere in Europe

10. V. Political Foundations of the Renaissance
Rural nobility wants to keep power
Move to cities and marry Merchants’ daughters
Very THIN LINE between aristocrats and upper Bourgeoisie (Middle Class)
Birth of Urban Nobility!
Middle Class Merchant/Noble class rule cities
Cities themselves become wealthy

11. VI. Social Class and Conflict
intense social strife & competition for political power
Florence is the best example
social classes: old rich, new rich, small business owners, and poor fought for control
Lead to revolt in Florence, resulting in rule by the lowest classes until Cosimo de’ Medici comes to power (1434).

12. VII. Characteristics of the Renaissance
Emphasis on Classical knowledge
Desire to replicate and improve classic architecture
Interest in Greek philosophy/religious knowledge
Rise of Individualism
Use of Vernacular
Development of Printing Press
Rise of education (for some parts of society)
Challenges to the Power of the Church
Humanism 15-17th C

13. Significant Figures of the Italian Renaissance

14. VIII. Francisco Petrarch
The “Father of Humanism”
Identified “Dark” and “Middle” Ages
Identified “Renaissance”
discovered and translated of Cicero
Believed in the use of the “Vernacular”

15. IX. Machiavelli - The Prince
Machiavelli separates political theory from ethics.
Politics is about only one thing: getting and keeping power.
The only skill that matters is calculation.
Machiavelli refuses to allow ethical judgment in political theory.
“the ends justify the means”

16. X. Despotism and Diplomacy in General
Social conflict and foreign intrigue (spying) caused chaos
Despots main goal = maintain law & order
held executive, military and judicial authority
Used “whatever means necessary” to maintain the cities law and order to promote prosperity
To accomplish this many despots hired condottieri
Ultimately leads to the use of diplomacy
Use of embassies and ambassadors
The eyes and ears of the enemies court!

17. XI. The Medici’ Despots Cosimo de’ Medici
Maintained control behind the scenes
Manipulating the constitution and elections
Created Signora and maintained a strong influence over it.
1449 – 1492 Lorenzo Medici ruled in a nearly totalitarian fashion