1. Chapter 31 Special Education Services
Overview
Services and support available for children with disabilities
Components of an individualized education program (IEP)
History of special education services
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) of 2004, No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), other legislation
Roles of special education (SE) teacher
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Introduction
IDEA 2004: specially designed instruction, at no cost to parents, meet unique needs of child with disability
Includes
Direct educational instruction
Related services (therapies)
Paraprofessional support
Consultation
Individualized services
Zero-reject for free appropriate public education in least restrictive environment (LRE)
Pre-1975: children’s needs not fully met
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Case Study: John 18 mos.: walk/speak first word Toddler:
speech therapy under IFSP, IDEA, part C
Kindergarten: significant delays
Assessed: mild intellectual disabilities
Eligible for SE services
IEP Plan developed
Inclusive class with SE teacher
Speech-language therapist
Transition IEP at age 16
Job coach from Bureau of Vocational Rehabilitation: summer job
Age 21: diploma and job
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Eligibility for Special Education
IDEA 2004: physical, cognitive, behavioral impairment
Examples: intellectual disability, vision/hearing impairments, traumatic brain injury
Autism fastest growing
Section 504 of Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008
Zero-reject; eliminate barriers
Covers some excluded by IDEA (e.g., HIV, pregnancy)
ADHD: IDEA or Section 504?
Individual assessment/team decision
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Eligibility for Special Education (continued)
Other factors:
Nondiscriminatory assessment and eligibility
Overrepresentation
Evaluation under discrepancy model (“wait to fail”)
Response to intervention (RTI; three-tier model)
Evaluation under RTI
Dual discrepancy model
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

6. Special Education: A Description
Accommodations and modifications
Accommodations: changes in access but not content
Modifications: changes in content
Inclusion practices
Students with disabilities educated alongside students without
Specialized instruction methods
Cooperative learning, peer tutoring
Direct instruction, cognitive strategy instruction
Related services
Therapies, transportation, social work services, counseling, and others
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

7. The Individualized Education Program
Usually yearly plan, modified as needed
Format and content
Statements of goals, services, modifications, and more
Personnel
Team: parents, child, educators, therapists, and others
Establishment of the LRE
General education classroom best beginning point
Annual goals and benchmarks
Academic/nonacademic, short-term objectives
Transition IEP
By age 16 or sooner
Post-secondary goals and transition services
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

8. Services Provided by Special Education Teachers
Mission:
Instruct/support student to access curriculum
Prepare student for life after school
Mostly direct instruction, then
Creating/adapting/modifying materials
Maintaining IDEA documentation
Collaborating with general education (GE) teachers
Lead IEP development
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

9. Role of Special Education Teacher in the General Education Curriculum
Data-based decision maker
Implementer of evidence-based interventions
Differentiator of instruction
Implementer and facilitator of socioemotional/behavior supports
Collaborator
Supervisor of paraprofessionals
Co-teacher
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

10. General Education Legislation Affecting Special Education Teachers
Highly qualified teachers
Bachelor’s degree, full state certification, subject knowledge
High-quality instruction
Proven with evidence-based research
High-stakes testing
All students tested; failing schools penalized
Students with disabilities: 1% use alternative assessment
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

11. The School–Parent Connection
School–parent teamwork key
Parent participation important
Parent attendance at IEP meetings is strong, though not perfect
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

12. Outcomes
$12,400/student with a disability versus $8,000/GE student per year
Standard diploma: 56% students with disabilities versus 69% GE students
Unemployment: 14.5% for people with disabilities versus 8.4% for people without
More than half students receiving SE are hopeful about their future
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.

13. Summary
SE provides instruction/supplemental supports for unique educational needs
Mandated by federal law
Provided by SE teachers and other discipline professionals
IEP defines scope of instruction/support
Services provided in LRE
IDEA 2004: federal legislation of diagnosis, provision of services
Section 504 legislation: wider coverage
NCLB:
New qualifications for SE teachers
Research-based instruction
Inclusion in high-stakes testing
RTI: innovation for struggling learners, defining specific learning disability
Chapter 31 slides in Children with Disabilities, Seventh Edition, Online Companion Materials. Copyright © 2013 Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved.